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2025 Supreme(SC) 1551

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
ABHAY S.OKA AND UJJAL BHUYAN, JJ.
Shambhu Choudhary – Appellant
Versus
The State Of Bihar – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 2154 of 2025 (Arising out of S.L.P.(Criminal) No.8688 of 2023)
Decided on : 23-04-2025

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302, 149 and 120-B - Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 313 - Appeals were allowed against conviction. The appellant was accused of murder; the prosecution witnesses were deemed interested and the appellant contended he was prejudiced by the failure to explain circumstances against him under Section 313. The Court held that failure to provide full notice of evidence prejudiced the appellant, leading to the setting aside of the conviction. (Paras 9-13)

(B) The trial court's obligations under Section 313 are established. The Court reiterated that the examination of the accused must include all material circumstances for effective defense. (Paras 10-12)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted for murder in a trial involving multiple accused and later had his conviction modified by the High Court, which he subsequently appealed.

Findings of Court:
The Court found that the examination of the appellant did not meet legal standards and significant prejudice occurred.

Issues: The key issues were procedural errors in the examination of the appellant and the implications of those errors.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court stated that the examination under Section 313 must include specific circumstances and not just a summary, and this failure amounted to serious irregularity affecting the trial's integrity.

Result: Appeal allowed; the appellant acquitted.

Table of Content
1. background and charges against the accused. (Para 3 , 4)
2. appellant and respondent's arguments on evidence and procedure. (Para 5 , 6)
3. court's reasoning on examination under section 313 crpc. (Para 7 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
4. legal standards for the examination process under section 313 crpc. (Para 8 , 9)
5. conclusion leading to acquittal of appellant. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)

ORDER :

1. Leave granted.

2. Heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties.

3. The appellant is the original accused No.3. The appellant was tried with other seven accused for the charges under Section 302 read with Section 149 and Section 120-B of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , 1860 (for short, "the IPC"). They were also charged with Section 27 of the ARMS ACT , 1959.

4. The case of the prosecution, in short, was that on 8th May, 2011 at about 7.15 p.m. the accused formed an unlawful assembly and murdered the deceased Ramashrey Choudhary by firing gun shots. The Trial Court convicted the accused for the offences punishable under Sections 302 read with 149 of the IPC and Section 120-B thereof.

The conviction was also under Section 27 of the ARMS ACT 1959. The appeals were preferred by the accused before the High Court. The appeals by all co-accused were allowed. However, while deciding the appeal preferred by the present appellant, his conviction for the offences punishable under Section 302 read with 149 and Section 120-B of the IPC was set aside and was substituted by the conviction for the offence punishable simplicitor under Section 302 of the IPC. Being aggrieved by the impugned judgment of the High Court, the present appeal has been preferred.

5. It is contended by the learned counsel appearing for the appellant that there was an unexplained delay in forwarding a copy of the First Information Report to the Court of the learned Magistrate and there was no explanation for the delay of 8 days. The second submission was that PW1 to PW4 who were allegedly the eye witnesses were all interested witnesses. The third submission was based on depositions of the Investigating Officer. Fourthly, it was submitted that the evidence of the eye witnesses cannot be believed. Lastly, it was submitted that material appearing in evidence against the appellant was not put to the appellant in his examination under Section 313 (1) of the CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE , 1973 (for short, "the CrPC") and therefore there is inherent prejudice to the appellant.

6. The submission of the learned counsel appearing for the respondent-State is that the High Court has dealt with the issue of examination of the appellant under Section 313 (1) of the CrPC and has held that the appellant has not shown the prejudice. Her submission is that the evidence of PW1 to PW4 is consistent and reliable and therefore, the same cannot be discarded only on the ground that they are interested witnesses. Her submission is that the alleged delay of 8 days in sending a copy of the First Information Report to the Court of the Judicial Magistrate has been explained and, in any case, after trial, it ceases to be of any significance

7. Firstly, we deal with the submission regarding the manner in which statement of the appellant under Section 313 (1) of the CrPC has been recorded.

8. The relevant part of the statement of the appellant reads thus"

Question: Have you heard the statement of witness?

Answer : Yes Sir

Question: It is stated by the witnessed that on 8.5.11 at about 7.15 O'clock at Vill.Akbarpur Nayatola, PS Shamho, Distt. Begusarai along with other accused, in the courtyard, by forming an unlawful assembly by taking rifle and billed, by hiding, murdered Ramashray Choudhary by firing in the right waist?

Answer : No Sir.

Question: It is stated by the witnesses that you along with other co-accused ran away by making indiscriminate firing?

Answer : No Sir.

Question: What do you have to say in defence?

Answer : I am innocent."

9. The High Court has held that the appellant has not shown prejudice. This Court i

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