SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
J.B. Pardiwala and K.V. Viswanathan, JJ.
M/S Sunshine Builders And Developers – Appellant
Versus
HDFC Bank Limited Through The Branch Manager And Others – Respondent
Civil Appeal No.5290 of 2025 (@Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.10875 of 2025) (@Diary No.13444 of 2025)
Decided on : 17-04-2025
Key Points: - The appeal arises from the High Court's rejection of the appellant's Writ Petition, affirming the DRAT's order for a pre-deposit of Rs.125 Crore (!) (!) . - The High Court found that the appellant's consent to the mortgage was not perverse and that a mortgagor falls within the definition of "borrower" under Section 2(1)(f) of the SARFAESI Act (!) . - Section 2(1)(f) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002, defines "borrower" to include any person who has given a guarantee or created a mortgage as security for financial assistance (!) . - The DRAT arrived at the pre-deposit figure of Rs.125 crores based on the debt due being approximately Rs.259 crores as indicated in the sale notice (!) . - The Supreme Court questioned whether Section 18's pre-deposit requirement applies to orders that are procedural, such as declining to implead auction purchasers in pending proceedings before the DRT (!) (!) . - The Court emphasized the need for a meaningful interpretation of the expression "any order" in Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act (!) . - The Supreme Court set aside the High Court's impugned order and remitted the matter to the High Court for reconsideration (!) . - The High Court is to rehear the Writ Petition and decide it afresh in accordance with the law (!) . - If an adverse order is passed by the High Court, the appellant can approach the Supreme Court again (!) . - The appeal is disposed of, and pending applications are also disposed of (!) (!) .
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. condonation of delay and granting leave. (Para 1 , 2) |
| 2. high court's order on pre-deposit. (Para 3 , 4) |
| 3. counsel heard; appeal basis acknowledged. (Para 5 , 6) |
| 4. high court's interpretation of mortgage consent. (Para 7 , 8 , 9) |
| 5. pre-deposit requirement under sarfaesi act. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13) |
| 6. interpretation of appellate provisions. (Para 14 , 15 , 16) |
| 7. remand for reconsideration of the petition. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21) |
ORDER
1. Delay condoned.
2. Leave granted.
3. This appeal arises from the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay dated 19-3-2024 in Writ Petition No.3929/2024 by which the High Court rejected the Writ Petition filed by the appellant - herein and thereby affirmed the order passed by the Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal dated 29-2-2024 in Interim Application No.614/2022 in Appeal (Diary) No.1208/2022.
4. The impugned order passed by the DRAT which was made subject matter of challenge before the High Court was one directing the appellant - herein to deposit a sum of Rs.125 Crore as a pre-deposit under Section 18 (1) of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (for short, the "SARFAESI" Act).
5. Heard Mr. C.U. Singh, the learned Senior counsel appearing for the appellant.
6. We are inclined to dispose of this appeal by a short order as we have looked into something which goes to the root of the matter.
7. Para 5 of the impugned order reads thus:-
"We have heard the learned Counsel appearing for the parties at quite some length. We have also carefully perused the order passed by the DRAT. We find that the exact same argument canvassed before us by the Petitioner was also canvassed before the DRAT. The DRAT, in paragraph 13 of the impugned order, has prima facie come to the conclusion that the Petitioners had consented to the creation of the mortgage. We, after perusing the record, do not find that the said finding of the DRAT, is in any way, perverse which would require our interference under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. In any case, the said finding is prima facie finding and was given to determine whether any pre-deposit ought to be ordered before the Appeal filed by the Petitioner is entertained. Section 2(1)(f) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 defines the word "borrower" inter-alia to mean any person who has been granted financial assistance by any Bank or Financial Institution or who has given any guarantee or created any mortgage or pledge as security for the financial assistance granted by the said Bank or Financial Institution. From this definition, it is absolutely clear that a mortgagor, even though not being a guarantor or a principle borrower, would still be included in the definition of the word "borrower" as defined in Section 2(1)(f) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002. It is keeping this definition in mind that the DRAT came to the conclusion that the Petitioner ought to be directed to deposit the sum of Rs. 125 crores as a pre-deposit for the Appeal to be entertained. This figure was arrived at because the sale notice indicates that the debt due is approximately Rs. 259 crores."
8. Prima facie, it appears that the High Court got enamoured by the finding recorded by the DRAT that the appellant - herein had consented to the creation of the mortgage.
9. Having looked into such finding, the High Court thereafter proceeded to consider the definition of the expression "borrower" as defined under Section 2 (1)(f) of the SARFAESI Act.
10. In the last, the High Court took the view that although the mortgager may not be a guarantor or a principal borrower, yet he would fall within the definition of the expression "borrower" as defined under Section 2 (1)(f) of the SARFAESI Act and, therefore, it is not open for him to argue that he is not liable to make a pre-deposit as envisaged under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act.
11. We take notice of the fact that the Securitisation application filed under S
AI
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the provision relating to pre-deposit under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act applies to both interlocutory and main application orders, and ther....
Non-borrowers cannot be subjected to pre-deposit requirements under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act, confirming strict adherence to statutory definitions.
A mortgagor is included in the definition of borrower under the SARFAESI Act, and the pre-deposit amount must consider all relevant communications and documents.
Appeal – Requirement of statutory pre-deposit – In a case where borrower challenges auction sale, thereafter it will not be open for borrower to pray to use sale proceeds received from sale of secure....
Pre-deposit under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act is a mandatory requirement for maintaining an appeal before the Appellate Tribunal, and it cannot be completely waived even in the face of financial h....
The obligation to make a pre-deposit under the SARFAESI Act is strictly on the borrower, and amounts paid by others cannot be appropriated towards this requirement unless the borrower accepts the sal....
Login now and unlock free premium legal research
Login to SupremeToday AI and access free legal analysis, AI highlights, and smart tools.
Login
now!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
Copyright © 2023 Vikas Info Solution Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.