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2025 Supreme(SC) 1632

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
K.V. Viswanathan and Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh, JJ.
Beauti Singha – Appellant
Versus
The State Of Tripura And Another – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 1435 of 2015
Decided on : 27-02-2025

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 312, 342, and 417 - Criminal appeal against acquittal - Respondent acquitted under Section 312 IPC for lack of evidence of causing miscarriage; convicted under Section 342 IPC for wrongful confinement and Section 417 IPC for cheating - High Court upheld acquittal for wrongful confinement and found insufficient evidence for cheating based on contradictory statements. (Paras 2, 3, 6, 10, and 12)

(B) Appeal against acquittal - Appellate court must be cautious in reversing acquittals; findings must be based on established evidence - No meritorious grounds presented for interference. (Paras 10 and 11)

Facts of the case:
The appellant accused the respondent of causing miscarriage, wrongful confinement, and cheating. The trial court acquitted the respondent under Section 312 IPC, while convicting him under Sections 342 and 417 IPC. Both convictions were appealed, with the High Court eventually acquitting him under Section 342 IPC and finding lack of evidence for Section 417 IPC.

Findings of Court:
Sufficient evidence was not presented to uphold the conviction under Section 417. The High Court's acquittal was found justified.

Issues: Whether the evidence supported convictions for causing miscarriage, wrongful confinement, and cheating under the respective IPC sections?

Ratio Decidendi: The court upheld the High Court's reasoning on the insufficiency of evidence for cheating and affirmed that the burden of proving all elements of the crime lies with the prosecution. The acquittal under Section 312 attained finality.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. final decision on appeal (Para 1 , 9 , 13)
2. summary of trial court findings (Para 2 , 4 , 5 , 6)
3. discussion on appeal maintainability and evidence (Para 7 , 8 , 11)
4. arguments regarding section 417 ipc (Para 10 , 12)

ORDER :

1. Having heard Mr. Sanjay Parikh, learned senior counsel for the appellant at a considerable length and on carefully perusing the records, we are not inclined to interfere with the acquittal as recorded by the High Court.

2. The second respondent, on the complaint of the appellant, stood trial for offences under Section 312 of IPC (causing miscarriage); Section 342 of IPC (wrongful confinement); and Section 417 of IPC (cheating). The trial court acquitted the second respondent for offences punishable under Section 312 IPC (causing miscarriage) and convicted him for offences punishable under Sections 342 and 417 of IPC.

3. While acquitting respondent No. 2 under Section 312 IPC, the trial court relied on the evidence of PW-7 (Dr. R.C. Das) whom the prosecution examined to hold that according to the evidence of PW-7, the victim had already undergone miscarriage before she was brought to the clinic and that there was no other evidence to show that respondent No.2 caused miscarriage. So holding respondent No.2 was acquitted for offence under Section 312 IPC.

4. Insofar as Section 342 IPC is concerned, the trial court found that because respondent No.2 took the appellant to the clinic of PW-7 (Dr. R.C. Das) and PW-4 has also spoken about the appellant accompanying respondent No.2 from her house, the trial court found a case for convicting respondent NO.2 for wrongful confinement under Section 342 IPC and sentenced him to 6 months R.I. with a fine of Rs.1,000/- .

5. Insofar as Section 417 IPC was concerned, the trial court found that ingredients of cheating were made out and convicted respondent No.2 for offence under Section 417 IPC and imposed the sentence of 6 months R.I. with a fine of Rs.1,000/-. Both sentences were ordered to run concurrently.

6. Respondent No.2 filed an appeal before the Court of Sessions Judge, West Tripura, Agartala challenging his conviction under Sections 342 and 417 IPC. The appellate court acquitted respondent No.2 for offence under Section 342 IPC recording that there was no evidence of wrongful confinement of the appellant in the clinic of PW-7. Insofar as Section 417 of IPC is concerned, the conviction and sentence were maintained since the Court found that respondent No.2 committed sexual intercourse with PW-3 giving assurance of marriage in the near future.

7. Before the High Court, appellant filed Criminal Appeal No. 10 of 2011 challenging the acquittal of the respondent under Sections 312 and 342 IPC. Admittedly, against the acquittal by the trial court of respondent No.2 under Section 312 IPC, no appeal had been filed before the Court of Sessions and directly an appeal, even for the acquittal under Section 312 IPC by the trial court, was filed in the High Court. We find that the High Court has only discussed the aspect of Section 312 IPC insofar as the appeal filed by the appellant was concerned and held that the appeal to the High Court was not maintainable.

8. To satisfy ourselves, we have examined the depositions of PW-3 (the victim), PW-4 (Maya Rani Bhomik) and PW-7 (Dr. R.C. Das) as well as the finding of conviction as recorded by the trial court under Section 342 IPC and the finding of acquittal as recorded by the Sessions Court under Section 342 IPC. We are satisfied that there is no evidence against respondent No.2 for having committed offence under Section 342 IPC.

9. It must be stated in fairness that Mr. Sanjay Parikh, learned senior counsel did not even press the appeal for the offence punishable under Section 342 IPC.

10. The main contention was that the High Court erred in acquitting respondent No.2 for offence punishable under Section 417 IPC and in reversing the findings of the trial court and the appellate court. We have ex

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