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2026 Supreme(SC) 286

PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA, MANOJ MISRA
V. Ganesan – Appellant
Versus
State Rep By The Sub Inspector Of Police – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s): Mr. S. Nagamuthu, Sr. Adv. (NP) Mr. M.P. Parthiban, AOR (Arguing Counsel) Mr. Ankur Prakash, Adv. Mrs. Priyanka Singh, Adv. Mr. Bilal Mansoor, Adv. Mr. Shreyas Kaushal, Adv. Mr. S. Geyolin Selvam, Adv. Mr. Alagiri K, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Mr. V.Krishnamurthy,Sr. A.A.G. (Arguing Counsel) Mr. Sabarish Subramanian, AOR Mr. Vishnu Unnikrishnan, Adv. Ms. Azka Sheikh Kalia, Adv. Ms. Jahnavi Taneja, Adv. Mr. Danish Saifi, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

Based on the provided legal document, here are the key points regarding the case Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha v. Ganesan:

  • Distinguishing Cheating from Breach of Promise: To constitute the offence of cheating under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), an intention to deceive must exist at the time the inducement is made. Mere failure to keep a promise subsequently cannot be the sole basis to presume that a dishonest intention existed from the very beginning. (!) (!)
  • High Risk Nature of Movie Projects: In transactions involving high-risk ventures like movie production where the return depends on uncertain profits, the non-fulfilment of a promise regarding profit sharing does not automatically reflect dishonest intention at the time of the promise. The Supreme Court quashed the proceedings because the appellant fulfilled the primary promise (making the movie), and the lack of profit was an inherent risk, not evidence of fraud. (!) (!) (!)
  • Post-Dated Cheques and Dishonest Intention: The dishonour of post-dated cheques does not ipso facto amount to cheating. Post-dated cheques are typically issued to discharge existing or future liabilities, not as inducements to obtain money. The drawer may reasonably believe they will have sufficient funds by the due date; therefore, dishonour alone is insufficient to presume dishonest intention at the time of issuance. (!) (!) (!)
  • Nature of Cheques in this Case: The post-dated cheques in question were issued to discharge an existing liability (the principal amount lent) after an objection was raised regarding the movie's release, rather than to induce the complainant to lend more money or invest in the project. (!) (!)
  • Quashing of Proceedings: Since the allegations failed to demonstrate that the appellant harboured a dishonest intention from the inception, and the dispute was essentially a civil cause of action regarding investment and profit sharing in a risky business, the criminal proceedings under Section 420 IPC were quashed. (!)
  • Legal Provisions Referred: The judgment primarily relied on the Constitution of India (Art. 226), Criminal Procedure Code (Sections 173, 482), Indian Penal Code (Sections 406, 415, 420), and the Negotiable Instruments Act (Section 138). [judgement_act_referred]

JUDGMENT :

MANOJ MISRA, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. This appeal impugns the judgment and order of the High Court at Madras1[The High Court] dated 06.04.2023 in Crl.O.P. No. 847 of 2021 and Crl. M.P. No. 518 of 2021, whereby the prayer of the appellant to quash final report and consequential proceedings in C.C. No. 3569 of 2020 on the file of the Metropolitan Magistrate (CCB and CBCID, Metro Cases), Egmore, Chennai-600008, under Section 406 and 420 of the Indian Penal Code, 18602[IPC], was partly allowed to the extent of indictment under Section 406 IPC; however, the prayer to quash indictment under Section 420 IPC was declined.

3. In brief, the prosecution case, as could be evinced from the final report (i.e., police report) submitted under Section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 19733[CrPC], is that the accused (the appellant herein) was producing a ‘movie’. In the course of its production, he ran short of funds. He, therefore, requested the de-facto complainant (i.e., the second-respondent herein) to lend him money on assurance that it would be returned by a share in profits to the extent of 30%. Later, further money was lent on promise of an additional 17% share in profits. Ultim

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