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2023 Supreme(SC) 1878

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
A.S. BOPANNA, SUDHANSHU DHULIA, JJ.
Mrs. Anamika & ors. – Appellant
Versus
Jaipal Singh & Ors. – Respondent
Civil Appeal No(s). 2491-2492 of 2018
Decided On : 18-01-2023

Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Praveen Kumar Aggarwal, Adv. Mr. Sanjay Jain, AOR

The registered owner of a motor vehicle remains liable to third parties for compensation claims as long as their name persists in the records of the registering authority, regardless of any subsequent sale or transfer of possession to another party.

Headnote:(A) Motor Vehicles Act - Liability of registered owner - Third party claims - Vehicle ownership - Where the name of the previous owner continues in the registration records of the registering authority, such owner remains legally liable to third parties for claims arising from an accident - Mere transfer of possession or sale of the vehicle to a purchaser does not absolve the registered owner of their statutory liability towards the claimant; the registered owner may seek appropriate recovery from the vendee but cannot escape primary liability to the victims. (Paras 3, 4, 5 and 6)

(B) Appeals - Appellate review - When a lower tribunal has correctly applied settled legal principles and binding judicial precedents regarding the liability of a registered vehicle owner, the high court is not justified in reversing such findings based on subsequent seizure or release of the vehicle in favor of a purchaser. (Para 3 and 5)

Facts of the case:
The claimants filed a petition following a motor vehicle accident. The tribunal fastened liability for compensation jointly and severally upon the respondents, holding that the registered owners remained liable to third parties because their names continued to appear in the official registration records. In the subsequent appeal, the decision was overturned by the high court, which exonerated the registered owners on the ground that the vehicle had been transferred to a subsequent purchaser. The claimants appealed to this court against the decision of the high court.

Findings of Court:
The high court erred in ignoring settled law regarding the liability of a registered owner whose name persists in official records. The tribunal’s initial finding was sound and aligned with established judicial precedent. Consequently, the registered owners and the subsequent purchaser are held jointly and severally liable to the claimants, with the registered owners retaining the liberty to pursue separate recovery proceedings against their vendee.

Issues: Whether a registered owner of a motor vehicle can be absolved of liability towards third-party claimants solely because of the sale or transfer of possession of the vehicle to another party before the accident occurred.

Ratio Decidendi: A registered owner remains liable to third parties so long as their name is reflected in the official records of the registering authority, regardless of whether possession or ownership has been transferred to another party; the internal arrangement for sale does not extinguish the registered owner’s liability toward victims of an accident.

Result: Appeals allowed.

Table of Content
1. procedural background and grounds for appeal involving motor accident compensation liability. (Para 1 , 2)
2. registered vehicle owners remain liable to third parties despite unofficial sales if registration records are not updated. (Para 3 , 4)
3. joint and several liability of registered owners and purchasers to accident claimants. (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)

ORDER

1. Heard the learned counsel for the appellants and perused the appeal papers. In respect of the accident that had occurred on 17.04.1995, the appellants herein, as claimants, had preferred the claim petition before the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal (for short ‘MACT’). The MACT through its order dated 07.03.2005 awarded a sum of Rs.6,03,000/- (Rupees Six Lakhs Three Thousand Only) and fastened the liability upon all the respondents to the claim petition jointly and severely. In the appeal, which was filed by the registered owner assailing the liability being fastened on the registered owner, the High Court through its impugned judgment and order dated 17.08.2017, though had enhanced the compensation in the appeal filed by the appellant/claimants herein, had held that the liability to pay the compensation would be that of the respondent no.12 (Balwant Kaur (now deceased) through its legal heirs) herein. In that view, registered owners namely respondent nos. 1 to 5 and 8 to 12 were exonerated from paying the compensation.

2. It is in that light, the appellants/ claimants are before this Court assailing the judgment dated 17.08.2017 passed by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh on that aspect of the matter and also seeking enhancement on the ground that the interest granted by the High Court is not in accordance with law and the same be granted from the date on which the accident had occurred.

3. In the light of the contentions urged herein, we have referred to the award dated 07.03.2005 passed by the MACT. On the aspect relating to liability for payment of compensation, the Tribunal has recorded the finding as hereunder,

“30. On the basis of this ruling, the learned counsel for the respondents nos. 2 and 3 contended that although in the registration certificate, the latter continued to be the registered owners of the offending vehicle. Yet because of change of possession, thereof, in favour of respondent no.4 who had employed respondent no.1 as driver of the offending vehicle only latter can be held liable to pay the compensation to the claimants in this case. This contention of the learned counsel for respondent nos. 2 and 3 deserves to be repelled as in the registration record, respondent nos. 2 and 3, now deceased continued to be the owners of the offending vehicle and that being so, in view of Dr. T.V.Jose Vs. Chacko P.M. alias Thankachan and other, 2001 (2) Apex Court Journal 445, rendered by the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India they continued to remain liable to the third parties when their names continued in the record of the registering authority as owners.

31. In the Ruling supra, it was held that the appellant still continued to remain liable to third party as hisb name continued in the record of RTO as owner. So, it was held that the appellant could not escape that liablity and it will be for the appellant to adopt appropriate proceedings against the vendeeif, in alw, he is entitled to do so. Even affidavit mar R7 was given by Sham Singh, respondent no.2 herein, now deceased regarding sale of offending truck in favour of respondent no.4. In this affidavit, he has described himself to be an attorney of the co-owner of the truck respondent no.3 but that power of attorney has not been placed on the record meaning thereby, that there is no evidence on the record to indicate that respondent no.3 had constituted respondent no.2 as his attorney to sell the offending truck to respondent no.4.

32. So, in view of the affidavit mark R7, respondent no.3 still continues to the owner of the offending truck.”

As against the finding recorded therein, the

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