B. V. NAGARATHNA, UJJAL BHUYAN
Syed Iftikhar Andrabi – Appellant
Versus
National Investigation Agency, Jammu – Respondent
Key Points: - The judgment discusses the constitutional override of Section 43D(5) of the UAPA when prolonged incarceration and delayed trial infringe Article 21 (speedy trial) (!) (!) (!) . - It emphasizes that bail under the UAPA is not automatically denied by virtue of Section 43D(5); constitutional rights can prevail, following K.A. Najeeb and subsequent clarifications in Javed Gulam Nabi Shaikh, Sheikh Javed Iqbal, and Sk. Javed Iqbal (!) (!) (!) (!) . - The Court endorses granting bail where there is prolonged detention, lack of realistic prospects for early trial, or weak evidentiary basis (e.g., lack of recoveries directly linking the accused) as seen in Romesh Kumar, Mudasir Ahmed Dar, and Amin Allaie discussions (!) (!) (!) . - It stresses that Section 43D(5) is not to be treated as the sole determinant; context, gravity of offence, trajectory of trial, and likelihood of timely conclusion matter (Najeeb lineage) (!) (!) (!) . - The judgment references parity considerations and comparative bail decisions in related cases (e.g., Romesh Kumar, Islam Ul-Haq Peer) to illustrate how factual differences influence bail outcomes (!) (!) (!) - (!) . - It clarifies that evidence like police confessions under Section 27 E.A. and explanation memos are scrutinized for admissibility under Section 25 E.A.; reliance on such material must be cautiously weighed (!) (!) - (!) . - The High Court’s prior practice of delaying trials through numerous witnesses is criticized in the context of Article 21 protections and the constitutional obligation to expedite trials (!) - (!) , (!) - (!) . - The order ultimately grants bail to the appellant with conditions, emphasizing need to produce before court and monitor cooperation while trial proceeds (!) (!) .
JUDGMENT
UJJAL BHUYAN, J.
Leave granted.
2. The present case raises an important question concerning the interface between Section 43-D(5) of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 and the constitutional guarantee of personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. More particularly, the issue concerns the propriety of smaller Benches progressively hollowing out the constitutional force of a larger Bench decision without ever expressly disagreeing with it.
3. The above question arises in the context of the challenge by the appellant to the judgment and order dated 19.08.2025 passed by the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh at Jammu (briefly ‘the High Court’ hereinafter) in Criminal Appeal (D.) No. 20/2024 (Syed Iftikhar Andrabi Vs. National Investigation Agency, Jammu).
3.1. It may be mentioned that by order dated 10.08.2024, the third Additional Sessions Judge, Jammu designated as the Special National Investigation Agency (NIA) Court rejected the bail application of the appellant in R.C. No. 03/2020/NIA/JMU registered under Sections 17, 38 and 40 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 read with Sections 8, 21, 25 and 29 of the Narcotic Drugs and
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