( 1 ) IT is rarely that a public employment attains finality now a days without being challenged and made subject matter of judicial review before the superior Courts of the country. Whether the appointments are at the lowest level that of an Attender, Peon etc. , categorized as class IV employees or appointment at the highest level even at the level of vice Chancellor of the University, such appointments are questioned and challenged before the Court as illegal, violative of the constitutional provisions, as being vitiated by mala fides, bias or favouritism. It is more an exception than a rule that any such appointments attain finality without being made subject matter of judicial review. The questions and challenges relating to public employment, not merely initial appointments but even during the tenure of employment, promotions, entitlement of wages and salary and related questions have engaged the attention of the superior Courts ever since our country adopted and is governed by the Constitution of India from the year 1950 onwards. More than 50% of the litigation in the superior Courts were only of matters relating to service conditions of the employees employed by the State.

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