IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
S. Rachaiah, J.
Raju Pawar – Appellant
Versus
State Of Rajarajeshwarinagar Police, Bangalore – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 977 of 2011
Decided On : 01-04-2022
Dowry Death - Cruelty and Harassment - Sec. 304B, 498A of IPC and Ss. 3 and 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act - The court analyzed the evidence of witnesses and found consistent and reliable evidence of demand of dowry, cruelty, and harassment. The court discussed the legal provisions of Sec. 498A and 304B of IPC and emphasized the need for evidence to show cruelty or harassment soon before death. The court also discussed the presumption of dowry death under sec. 113-B of Indian Evidence Act and held the accused liable for dowry death.
Fact of the Case:
The deceased was subjected to constant harassment and cruelty by the accused for dowry, leading to her unnatural death. The trial court convicted the accused No.1 and acquitted accused Nos.2 to 4 for the offences under Ss. 498A and 304 of IPC and Ss. 3 and 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act. The accused No.1 filed an appeal seeking to set aside the judgment of conviction.
Finding of the Court:
The court found the evidence of demand of dowry, cruelty, and harassment to be consistent and reliable. The court held that the prosecution successfully proved the primary burden and shifted the onus to the accused. The accused failed to disprove the presumption of dowry death and did not provide a satisfactory explanation. The court dismissed the appeal and confirmed the judgment and order of conviction passed by the trial court.
Issues: 1. Whether the trial court is justified in convicting the accused No.1 for the offences under Ss. 498A, 304B of IPC and Ss. 3 and 4 of the D.P. Act? 2. Whether the appellant has made out a ground to interfere with the judgment of the trial court?
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the need for consistent and reliable evidence of demand of dowry, cruelty, and harassment soon before death. The court discussed the presumption of dowry death under sec. 113-B of Indian Evidence Act and held the accused liable for dowry death based on the evidence presented.
Final Decision: The appeal was dismissed, and the judgment and order of conviction passed by the trial court were confirmed. The accused was directed to surrender before the trial court for completing the remaining period of sentence and imprisonment forthwith.
JUDGMENT :
1. This appeal is filed against the judgment and order of conviction passed by the XLV Addl. City Civil and Sessions Judge at Bengaluru in S.C.No.909/2007 dtd. 17/08/2011, for the offences punishable under Sec. 304B, 498A of IPC and Ss. 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act.
2. Brief facts of the case are as under: That the marriage of deceased Geetha and the appellant was performed on 11/4/2004 at Shivaprabha Kalyana Mantapa, situated at West of Chord Road, Bangalore. As per the case of the prosecution, a sum of Rs.1,00,000.00 cash and gold ornaments were given as dowry at the time of marriage. After the marriage, the deceased Geetha and accused No.1 were residing in the house of accused No.2, who is the sister of accused No.1. There was constant quarrel and demand of dowry by all the members of the family i.e., accused No.1 and accused Nos.2 to 4. All the accused were demanding additional dowry and also demanding to sell the site belonging to the deceased. As she did not heed their words, they were harassing her and insulting her and not allowing her to live happily in the matrimonial house.
3. As there was a constant harassment and cruelty meted out to the deceased, panchayat was held and it was decided to make a separate house for deceased and Accused No.1. Accordingly, PW10 - father of the deceased arranged a separate house for his daughter and son-in-law at Papaiah Layout, situated at Rajarajeswarinagar. He paid advance of Rs.25,000.00. Both the accused No.1 and deceased started living there separately.
4. It is the case of the prosecution that, the Accused No.1 used to consume alcohol and used to come late in the evening and was assaulting his wife - Geetha frequently. In other words, he was demanding money from Geetha and pressurizing her to sell the site. The deceased was not interested in selling the property. Hence, there was a constant quarrel between Accused No.1 and the deceased. Though P.W.10, his friends and family members tried to pacify the matter, it was not fructified.
5. On 19/7/2008, PW10 - father of the deceased got the information about the death of his daughter and he went there and saw the situation and lodged a complaint against accused No.1 and his family members. The police have registered the case in Crime No.70/2007 for the offence under Sec. 498(A), 304(B), 302 R/w 34 of IPC and Ss. 3 and 4 of Dowry prohibition Act and after conducting investigation, filed the charge sheet.
6. After committal to the Sessions Court, the Trial Court framed the charges against all the accused persons and read over and explained to them. The accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.
7. In order to prove the case of the prosecution, the prosecution has examined 21 witnesses i.e., PWs.1 to 21 and got marked the documents at Exs.P1 to P36 and material objects marked at M.Os.1 to 5.
8. After having considered the oral and documentary evidence and after hearing the arguments of the respective parties, the trial court convicted accused No.1 and acquitted accused Nos.2 to 4 for the offences under Ss. 498A and 304 of IPC and Ss. 3 and 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act.
9. Being aggrieved by the said judgment of conviction, the accused No.1/appellant has preferred this appeal, seeking to set aside the judgment of conviction.
10. Sri.K.Diwakar, learned Senior Counsel for the appellant contended that the trial court committed serious error while appreciating the evidence and material on record, as such, the impugned order of conviction of Accused No.1 / Appellant is liable to be set aside.
Further, the learned Senior Counsel contended that, there are inconsistencies with respect to harassment, cruelty and demand of dowry between father, mother and brother of the deceased.
Point of Law : There was incompatible condition in family atmosphere and her family consisting her husband who is arraigned as accused No.1 and also her in-laws who are arraigned as accused Nos.2 an....
Point of law: To indicate that the expression 'soon before' would normally implied that the interval should not be much between the concerned cruelty or harassment and the death in question. There mu....
The absence of evidence proving demand of dowry or cruelty negates conviction under Sections 498A and 304B IPC; presumption under Section 113B of the Evidence Act requires substantiation of foundatio....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that to convict an accused under Section 304-B IPC, the prosecution must prove that the deceased was subjected to cruelty or harassment in connecti....
The requirement of substantial evidence of dowry-related harassment is essential to sustain a conviction under Section 304-B of IPC, which the prosecution failed to demonstrate.
The court established that the accused's demand for additional dowry and the resulting harassment led to the victim's death, satisfying the criteria for dowry death under IPC Section 304-B.
Prosecution must clearly establish essential ingredients of dowry-related offences; lack of consistent evidence led to acquittal.
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