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2025 Supreme(Kar) 2545

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA, AT DHARWAD
S.G. PANDIT, GEETHA K.B., JJ.
Smt. Lata, W/o. Parasappa Pujari – Petitioner 
Versus
The Branch Manager, Oriental Insurance Company Limited, Now R/BY Regional Manager – Respondent 
MFA Cross Obj. No.100106 of 2023 (MV-D) C/W Miscellaneous First Appeal No. 101001 of 2023 (MV-D)
Decided On : 24-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Sri. Santosh B. Rawoot, Advocate
For the Respondent:Sri. Madhukeshwar A. Deshpande, Advocate, Sri. Pavan Doddatti, Advocate.

Insurer liable for compensation despite rider's lack of driving license, compensated amount adjusted based on proper income assessment.

Headnote:(A) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 - Section 166 - Compensatory claims arising from motor vehicle accidents - Liability of insurer - The appeal and cross-objection challenge both the liability assigned to the insurer and the compensation quantum; the deceased was 27 years old, earning Rs.12,000/month, and the Tribunal initially awarded Rs.22,44,468/- (Para 6).

(B) Liability determination - Despite the deceased lacking a valid driving license, the court held that the insurer must initially pay and may later recover from the negligent owner based on precedent (Para 14).

(C) Compensation assessment - The court found the Tribunal's notional income for the deceased inadequate and determined it to be Rs.13,750/month, leading to a recalculated compensation of Rs.27,83,000/- (Para 19).

(D) Interest rate adjustment - The court reduced the awarded interest rate from 9% to 6% per annum (Para 18).

Findings of Court:
The court acknowledged the Tribunal's errors in liability attribution and compensation calculation, correcting both (Para 19).

Issues: The court examined the appropriateness of liability assignment and the quantum of compensation with respect to established income charts.

Ratio Decidendi: The court affirmed the principle of 'Pay and Recover' regarding insurer liability while enhancing compensation based on established income benchmarks.

Result: Appeals and cross-objections granted in part.

Table of Content
1. basis of claim and compensation awarded (Para 2 , 3 , 5 , 6)
2. insurer disputes liability based on valid license (Para 4)
3. arguments regarding compensation amount and interest rate (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
4. identification of contested issues in appeals (Para 12 , 13)
5. assessment of notional income and established liabilities (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
6. adjustment of interest rate on compensation (Para 18)
7. final compensation ruling and order (Para 19 , 20)

JUDGMENT :

S.G. PANDIT, J.

Though these appeal as well as cross objection are listed for admission, they are taken up for final disposal, with the consent of learned counsel for both the parties.

2. The insurer is in appeal in MFA No.101001/2023 challenging the liability saddled on it as well as quantum of compensation, whereas, the claimants are in cross objection in MFA Crob No.100106/2023 praying for enhancement of compensation, not being satisfied with the quantum of compensation awarded under judgment and award dated 09.12.2022 passed in MVC No.378/2020 on the file of Member, MACT-XIV, Mudhol (for short, ‘Tribunal’).

3. The claimant, mother of the deceased Parasappa Pujari, filed a claim petition under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 before the Tribunal seeking compensation for the accidental death of one Parasappa Pujari, that took place on 20.03.2020 involving two motorcycles bearing registration No.KA-48/EA-3940 & KA-69/E-4048. It is stated that the deceased was aged about 27 years as on the date of the accident and was doing agricultural work, earning a sum Rs.12,000/- per month.

4. On service of notice, the respondents appeared before the Tribunal through their respective counsels and filed statement of objections denying the entire claim petition averments. Respondent No.4-Insurer contended that the accident occurred due to sole negligence of deceased rider of motorcycle in question. It was further contended that respondent No.3 entrusted his motorcycle to the rider, who was not having valid and effective driving license. It was further contended that the deceased–rider was also not having valid and effective driving license as on the date of accident. Thus, sought for dismissal of the claim petition.

5. Before the Tribunal, the claimant, who is none other than mother of the deceased, examined herself as PW1 apart from marking the documents as Exs.P1 to P7. The respondent-insurer examined its Administrative Officer as RW1 and marked ten documents as Exs.R1 to R10. The Tribunal on scrutiny of entire material on record awarded a total compensation of Rs.22,44,468/- with interest at 9% per annum from the date of petition till the date of realization on the following heads:

Loss of dependency Rs.20,94,468/-
Loss of consortium Rs. 40,000/-
Loss of estate Rs. 15,000/-
Transportation & funeral expenses Rs. 15,000/-
Loss of love and affection Rs. 80,000/-
Total Rs.22,44,468/-

6. While awarding the above compensation, the Tribunal assessed notional income of the deceased at Rs.11,000/- per month, applied multiplier of 17, deducted 1/3rd towards personal expenses of the deceased and added 40% of the assessed income of the deceased towards future prospects. The insurer is in appeal challenging the liability as well as quantum of compensation, whereas the claimants are in cross objection praying for enhancement of compensation, not being satisfied with the quantum of compensation awarded by the Tribunal.

7. Heard the learned counsel Sri.Madhukeshwar Deshpande for the appellant-Insurer, learned counsel Sri. Santosh B Rawoot for the cross objectors-claimants and perused the appeal papers including original records of the Tribunal.

8. Sri. Madhukeshwar Deshpande, learned counsel for the appellant-Insurer in support of his appeal strenuously contended that the Tribunal without taking note that the rider of the motorcycle bearing registration No.KA-69/E-4048 was not having valid and effective driving license as on the date of accident, erroneously saddled the entire

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