Bombay High Court
MODY
P. - Appellant
Versus
K. - Respondent
Decided On : 07/15/1981
HINDU MARRIAGE ACT - SECTION 12(1)(A) AND (C) - NULLITY OF MARRIAGE - GROUNDS - NON-CONSUMMATION DUE TO IMPOTENCY AND FRAUD AS TO MATERIAL FACT OR CIRCUMSTANCE CONCERNING THE RESPONDENT - INTERPRETATION OF SECTION 12(1)(C) AFTER AMENDMENT IN 1976 - MEANING OF IMPOTENCY - MATERIAL FACT OR CIRCUMSTANCE - CONCEALMENT OF PROLAPSE OF UTERUS - WHETHER AMOUNTS TO FRAUD - EVIDENCE - APPRECIATION.
Fact of the Case:
The appellant (original petitioner) the husband, and the respondent (the original respondent were married on 20th June 1976. Due to certain unfortunate circumstances, the husband was driven to file a petition for nullity within a short time which he did on or about 30th Nov. 1976.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the respondent was impotent at the time of the marriage and continued to be so until the institution of the proceedings. The court also held that the respondent had committed fraud by concealing the fact of her prolapse of uterus from the petitioner, which was a material fact or circumstance concerning her.
Issues: 1. Whether the respondent was impotent at the time of the marriage and continued to be so until the institution of the proceedings? 2. Whether the respondent had committed fraud by concealing the fact of her prolapse of uterus from the petitioner?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that impotency means inability to perform the sexual act. It may be pathological or psychological, permanent or temporary, complete or partial. The court further held that the respondent's condition of prolapse of uterus made intercourse imperfect or painful, which amounted to impotency. 2. The court held that the respondent's concealment of her prolapse of uterus from the petitioner was fraud as to a material fact or circumstance concerning her. The court interpreted Section 12(1)(c) of the Hindu Marriage Act, after its amendment in 1976, to include misrepresentation or concealment of any material fact or circumstance concerning the respondent.
Final Decision: The court set aside the judgment and decree of the trial court dismissing the petition and made the petition absolute in terms of prayer (a). The court also ordered the respondent to pay a lump sum of Rs. 13,500/- as and by way of permanent alimony to the petitioner.
2. The petition proceeds to make the following allegations. The marriage had not been consummated owing to the impotency of the respondent. On the very first night the respondent refused to have sexual intercourse saying that for one year she would not have sexual intercourse with the appellant. The respondent appeared to be very much upset at the approach of the appellant to consummate the marriage and was averse to any sexual act. It was decided by the petitioner and his elders to take the respondent on a pilgrimage so that there might be a change in her
mentality and outlook by the blessings of God. Even during pilgrimage the matter did not improve. Soon after return from pilgrimage on 29-7-1976 the respondent's father had come to the petitioner's house and the petitioner complained to her father about the behaviour of the respondent. Father ignored the complaint. The respondent's attitude continued. Then followed a medical check up on 27-8-1976, by Dr. Bhatia when it was discovered by the petitioner that the respondent was suffering from second degree prolapse of the uterus. This was indicative of non-virginity. Taking into consideration the medical report and the odd behaviour of the respondent and the surrounding circumstances, the petitioner had reasons to suspect that the respondent wanted to conceal facts from the petitioner and that was one of the main reasons why she was refusing to have sexual intercourse with the petitioner and have the marriage consummated. It was clear from the conduct of the respondent and that of her parents that fraud was committed and that the marriage had been brought about by fraud and misrepresentation. The respondent and her parents had suppressed material facts about the sexual lapse and defect. The petitioner's consent to the marriage was obtained by fraud and misrepresentation as to the material fact or circumstances concerning the respondent. In any event, the respondent was impotent at the relevant time, and there was non-consummation by reason thereof. The petitioner prayed for annulment of the marriage under Sec.12(1)(a) and ©. In the written statement the respondent denied that marriage was not consummated or that she refused to consummate the marriage or was averse to sexual act or that she was impotent at any time. It is alleged that she was taken to Dr. Bhatia on 27th Aug. 1976 but the respondent did not understand the result of the said examination. It is denied that the respondent suffered from sexual defects before her marriage and it is averred that neither she nor her parents were aware of any defect at any same before or after the marriage.
3. Mr. Nesari for the appellant has taken me through the evidence and the judgment and contended that the learned trial judge has not correctly appraised the evidence and on the balance ought to have accepted the evidence of the petitioner and Dr. Bhatia and rejected the evidence of the respondent as unreliable and that of Dr. Pancholi as not very reliable on certain aspects of the matter in view of contradictions and that if the evidence of petitioner and Dr. Bhatia's accepted, the grounds for nullity stand proved.
4. Before considering the evidence of the petitioner, I will deal with the evidence of the respondent as in my view her evidence is completely unreliable and the petitioner' evidence not being inherently unreliable will have to be accepted, irrespective of some discrepancies. (After discussing evidence of respondent His Lordship proceed-Ed.)
5-6. x x x
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