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2026 Supreme(Bom) 143

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
G.S.KULKARNI, AARTI SATHE, JJ.
Dr.Anu Verma - Petitioner
Versus
The Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, New Delhi-400011 - Respondent
Writ Petition No.5884 of 2005
Decided On : 18-03-2026

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr.Ramesh Ramamurthy with Mr.Saikumar Ramamurthy and Mr.Aalim N.Pinjari
For the Respondent: Mr.Aniruddha A.Garge i/by Ms.S.V.Bharucha

Uncommunicated ACR gradings below promotion benchmark ('good' vs 'very good') cannot be considered and must be deemed as meeting benchmark; renders decisions arbitrary violating Art.14 and natural justice principles.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Service law - Annual Confidential Reports (ACRs) - Non-Functional Selection Grade (NFSG) - NFSG is placement in higher pay scale without linkage to vacancies, not promotion - Eligibility under OM dated 09.10.1989 requires two “very good” gradings in last five ACRs - Subsequent instructions stipulating three “very good” and two not below “good” - Gradings below benchmark (“good”) though not adverse must be communicated to employee for representation and upgradation - Non-communication arbitrary, violative of Art.14 and natural justice - Uncommunicated sub-benchmark gradings ignored, officer deemed up to benchmark - Non-speaking rejection orders quashed for non-application of mind and failure to consider impeccable record sans adverse remarks. (Paras 2, 3, 7-11, 15)

(B) ACRs - Communication mandatory for all entries (poor to very good) to enable improvement and representation - Even positive but sub-benchmark entry affects promotion chances - Relies on Supreme Court rulings fortifying fairness, transparency in public administration and model employer principle. (Paras 12-14)

Facts of the case:
Petition challenging rejection orders denying NFSG to petitioner holding medical officer post equivalent to commandant rank - Petitioner senior to some promoted juniors - Rejections stated failure to make grade without disclosing criteria or communicating ACR gradings - No adverse remarks in 17-year impeccable record - Later granted NFSG in 2005 on same ACRs without objection.

Findings of Court:
Impugned orders arbitrary, non-speaking; contradictory later grant; petitioner entitled to NFSG w.e.f. 05.04.2002 par with juniors promoted 09.05.2004, with consequential benefits.

Issues: Whether uncommunicated “good” gradings below “very good” benchmark can deny NFSG; validity of non-speaking rejections; nature of NFSG as promotion or mere placement.

Ratio Decidendi: Gradings below benchmark must be communicated else ignored as meeting benchmark; NFSG financial upgradation not vacancy-linked promotion; rejections vitiated by non-communication, arbitrariness sans reasons.

Result: Petition allowed; rejections quashed; NFSG directed from 05.04.2002 with seniority, arrears, benefits within six weeks.

Table of Content
1. petition challenges nfsg promotion rejections. (Para 1 , 2)
2. petitioner's crpf service and key events. (Para 3)
3. petitioner's claims on acr benchmarks, communication. (Para 4 , 5)
4. respondents assert three very good benchmark required. (Para 6)
5. rejections non-speaking, arbitrary lacking communication. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 11)
6. uncommunicated sub-benchmark gradings violate article 14. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
7. quash orders; grant retrospective nfsg benefits. (Para 16)

JUDGMENT :

Aarti Sathe, J.

1. This petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India has been filed praying for the following substantive reliefs: -

“a) That this Honourable Court be pleased to issue a Writ of Certiorari or any other appropriate writ, order or direction and call for the records and proceedings leading to the rejection of the case of the petitioner for grant of non functional selection grade (NFSG) as well as the rejection of her representation against the same under Order dated 26.07.2004 (Exhibit "J') & letter dated 26.05.2005 (Exhibit "O") and after examining the legality and propriety of the same, this Honourable Court be pleased to quash and set aside the said Orders dated 26.07.2004 (Exhibit "J") and 26.05.2005 (Exhibit "O') and direct the respondents to reconsider the case of the petitioner afresh for grant of NFSG;

b) That this Honourable Court be pleased to hold and declare that any gradings below the benchmark "Very Good" and which have not communicated to the petitioner cannot be taken into account at the time of consideration of the petitioner's case for grant of NSG either under the DOPT OM dated 09.10.1989 or under DACP Scheme and this Honourable Court be further pleased to declare that the said uncommunicated gradings below the benchmark in the relevant ACRs have to be excluded from consideration and the petitioner considered, as if, she is upto the benchmark in all years;

c) That this Honourable Court be pleased to issue a Writ of Mandamus or any other appropriate writ, order or direction to direct the respondents to reconsider the case of the petitioner for grant of NFSG ignoring the gradings in the ACRs for the relevant period which are below the benchmark "Very Good" and also any other adverse remarks or material, which have not been communicated to the petitioner.

d) That this Honourable Court be pleased to direct the respondents to grant the petitioner the said promotion to Non-Functional Selection Grade (NFSG) on par with her juniors (promoted under order dated 09.05.2004) from the same due date with all consequential service benefits including due seniority, arrears, fixation and any other admissible benefits;

e) Pending the hearing and final disposal of this petition, this Honourable Court be pleased to direct the Respondents to consider the case of the Petitioner for grant of NESG in future by ignoring any gradings below benchmark "Very Good" and any other adverse material which have not been communicated to the petitioner;

f) That ad interim relief in terms of prayer (c) above be granted.”

2. The primary challenge in the aforesaid petition is to the order dated 26th July 2004 and 26th May 2005 whereby the Petitioner’s case for promotion in Non Functional Selection Grade (NFSG) for higher pay scale, which was introduced in the Central Services including Armed Forces by the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) under Office Memorandum (O.M.) dated 09th October 1989 has been rejected.

3. Briefly the facts are : -

i. The Petitioner was appointed to the post of General Duty Officer Grade II which is the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police/Company Commander in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). The Petitioner who was a doctor also served as a member of the Armed Forces of the Union of India. At the time of filing the present petition, the Petitioner was holding the post of Chief Medical Officer (CMO) (O.G.) which is of the same rank as that of the Commandant in CRPF.

ii. On 09th October 1989, the

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