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2026 Supreme(Bom) 402

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
RAVINDRA V. GHUGE, ABHAY J. MANTRI, JJ.
Yogesh Chandrakant Gawali – Appellant
Versus
The State of Maharashtra – Respondent
Writ Petition Nos. 4956, 6225 of 2025
Decided On : 18-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Uday Warunjikar, Sumit Kate, Jenish Jain
For the Respondents: Rohit Sakhdeo, P.P. Kakade, P.N. Diwan

Aptitude test qualified candidates selected for unaided school assistant teacher posts with specified pay scale cannot be appointed on honorarium; entitled to regular pay from original date, coerced undertakings invalid.

Headnote:(A) Teacher Recruitment - Unaided Secondary Schools - Aptitude test qualified graduates selected through merit list for Graduate Teacher posts (Standards 9-10) specifying unaided pay scale S-14 (Rs.38,600-1,22,800) - Cannot be appointed as probationary workers on fixed monthly honorarium - Entitled to Assistant Teacher designation in pay matrix effective from original appointment date - Scheme for honorarium appointments applicable only to fully aided schools, not unaided or local body operated unaided establishments. (Paras 6-12,14-17,21)

(B) Employment - Waiver and Estoppel - Undertakings extracted from desperate unemployed candidates for lower designation contrary to merit list and advertisement do not bind - Obtained under duress by model employer; no voluntary acceptance where appointment mismatches selection process - Cannot contract out of statutory entitlement to specified post and pay. (Paras 18-19,23-24)

(C) Model Employer - Local bodies must adhere strictly to recruitment advertisement, eligibility, and published merit list reflecting post and pay band - Deviating by issuing contrary appointment orders unethical and unsustainable. (Paras 22-23)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners, qualified with graduation and teaching diploma, cleared aptitude test, selected via centralized portal process without interviews for unaided secondary school posts; merit list confirmed unaided pay scale; yet appointed on honorarium as probationary workers for three years; immediate representations highlighting error rejected.

Findings of Court:
Erroneous appointment orders recalled; fresh appointments as Assistant Teachers with merit list pay band effective from original date; compute arrears deducting honorarium paid, pay balance within 45 days sans interest if timely.

Issues: Applicability of honorarium scheme to unaided schools; entitlement to regular pay scale post selection; validity of waiver via signed indemnity bonds.

Ratio Decidendi: Once selected for specific post with pay via transparent process and merit list, appointment must match; honorarium scheme excludes unaided setups; coercing mismatched undertakings from vulnerable candidates void as against law and fair practice.

Result: Writ petitions allowed.

Table of Content
1. mandamus for assistant teacher appointments over shikshan sevak. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. tait selection for unaided graduate teachers with pay scales. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
3. appointment as sevaks contradicts unaided merit list selection. (Para 12 , 13)
4. sevak scheme excludes unaided and municipal corporation schools. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
5. waiver by acceptance; 2019 gr applies to local bodies. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
6. invalid sevak appointments; coerced undertakings unenforceable. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
7. reappoint as teachers; pay differential after set-off. (Para 25 , 26 , 27)

JUDGMENT :

RAVINDRA V. GHUGE, J.

1. Rule. Rule made returnable forth with and heard finally by the consent of the parties.

2. All these Petitioners are identically placed. In the First Petition, the Petitioners have put forth their Prayers below Paragraph No. 14, Clauses (A) & (C), which read as under :

A) This Hon'ble High Court be pleased to issue Writ in the nature of Mandamus or any other Writ order or direction to the respondent no. 2 to issue to the Petitioners the order of appointment as Full Time Assistant Teachers on un-aided basis in its Secondary Schools with effect from 21.6.2024, in place of the order dated 20.6.2024 [EXH-C], whereby the Petitioners are appointed as Shikshan Sevaks on payment of monthly honorarium, and accordingly the Respondent No. 2 may be directed to pay the differential salary to the Petitioners, from the said date of appointment, deducting the amount of Rs.18,000/- per month paid to the Petitioners as monthly honorarium, with all arrears.

C) By a suitable writ, order or direction, this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to hold and declare that since the Petitioners had applied and they were selected and recommended for appointment as Assistant Teachers on un-aided basis in the Secondary Schools of the Respondent No. 2 Corporation, that the Petitioners were and are entitled to be appointed as Assistant Teachers in Pay Matrix and not as Shikshan Sevaks on monthly honorarium, and accordingly the Respondent No. 2 may be directed to issue the appointment order to the Petitioners as Assistant Teachers in Pay Matrix with effect from 21.6.2024, in place of the appointment given to the Petitioners as Shikshan Sevaks on monthly honorarium under the order dated 20.6.2024 [EXH-C], with all consequential benefits including the payment of the differential amount of salary after deducting the monthly honorarium paid to them during the intervening period.

3. In the Second Petition, the Petitioners have put forth their Prayers below Paragraph No. 14, at Clauses (B) & (C) which read as under :

B) By a suitable writ, order or direction, this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to direct the Respondent No. 2 to issue to the Petitioners the order of appointment as Full Time Assistant Teachers on un-aided basis in its Secondary Schools with effect from 21.6.2024, in place of the order dated 20.6.2024 [EXH-C], whereby the Petitioners are appointed as Shikshan Sevaks on payment of monthly honorarium, and accordingly the Respondent No. 2 may be directed to pay the differential salary to the Petitioners, from the said date of appointment, deducting the amount of Rs.18,000/- per month paid to the Petitioners as monthly honorarium, with all arrears.

C) By a suitable writ, order or direction, this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to hold and declare that since the Petitioners had applied and they were selected and recommended for appointment as Assistant Teachers on un-aided basis in the Secondary Schools of the Respondent No. 2 Corporation, that the Petitioners were and are entitled to be appointed as Assistant Teachers in Pay Matrix and not as Shikshan Sevaks on monthly honorarium, and accordingly the Respondent No. 2 may be directed to issue the appointment order to the Petitioners as Assistant Teachers in Pay Matrix with effect from 21.6.2024, in place of the appointment given to the Petitioners as Shikshan Sevaks on monthly honora

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