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2020 Supreme(Pat) 382

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Mohit Kumar Shah, J.
Rama Nand Rai - Appellant
Versus
State of Bihar - Respondent
Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 609 of 2016
Decided On : 13-11-2020

Advocates Appeared:
Hemendra Prasad Singh, Advocate, Hitesh Suman, Advocate, Swapnil Kumar Singh, Advocate

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 21 - Claim for compensation for custodial death - Petitioner sought Rs. 21,00,000/- compensation and employment for dependents due to police firing - Deceased, a Special Educator, was killed in cross-firing - Respondents failed to provide timely relief, leading to prolonged litigation - District Magistrate and NHRC acknowledged potential for compensation - State liability for violation of fundamental rights established through judicial precedents - Court directed payment of Rs. 10,00,000/- as compensation within four weeks, with interest for delays. (Paras 1-32)

(B) Public Law vs. Private Law - The court highlighted the distinction between public law claims for compensatory relief against the state for violations of fundamental rights as opposed to private tort claims - The principle of strict liability applies in public law situations where state officials infringe citizen’s rights. The compensation awarded aims to restore dignity to victims or their families. (Paras 44-54)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner’s son, Ranvijay Kumar, was accidentally killed during a police encounter on 28.12.2000. Despite reports confirming state negligence, the petitioner had to file multiple petitions for compensation due to state inaction. Evidence showed the deceased had no ties to the criminals involved. (Paras 2-3)

Findings of Court:
Court confirmed the established link between police firing and the victim's death and articulated the state's duty to compensate for infringing fundamental rights. It ruled the previous denials of compensation as legally untenable. (Paras 12-30)

Issues: The court addressed the quantum of compensation, the applicability of the multiplier method, and the state's liability under public law principles. (Paras 22-26)

Ratio Decidendi: The court reinforced that monetary compensation is an acceptable and necessary remedy in cases of state negligence leading to violation of fundamental rights, independent of the liabilities arising under private law. The compensation is framed to rehabilitate the victim’s family post-violation. (Paras 44-54)

Result: Writ petition allowed; state directed to pay Rs. 10,00,000/- as compensation within four weeks, with interest for late payment.

Table of Content
1. compensation claim for police firing death. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. right to compensation based on wrongful death. (Para 4 , 5)
3. denial of employment and compensation denied by state. (Para 6 , 7)
4. no provision for compensation in similar cases argued. (Para 8)
5. rejection of previous writ petition cited as no bar. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
6. establishing police culpability in death. (Para 12 , 13)
7. judicial power to grant compensation links to public law. (Para 14 , 15)
8. state's accountability under public law. (Para 16 , 18 , 19)
9. public duty and strict liability principles. (Para 20 , 21)
10. quantum of compensation determined despite multiplier method. (Para 22 , 23 , 24)
11. computation of compensation and fair assessment. (Para 25 , 26 , 27)
12. final amounts and timeliness for compensation issuance. (Para 28 , 30 , 31)
13. concluding order for payment of compensation issued. (Para 32)

JUDGMENT

Mohit Kumar Shah, J. - The present writ petition has been filed for directing the respondents to grant compensation to the petitioner to the tune of Rs. 21,00,000/- as also give employment to the family members of the deceased, who has been killed during the course of police firing in an encounter with the criminals.

2. The brief facts of the case, according to the petitioner, are that the deceased son of the petitioner, namely, Ranvijay Kumar, was working since the month of March, 1996 as a Special Educator in a school meant for mentally retarded namely, Ayurvedic Magneto Research Institute (AMRI), Panchsheel, Kumhrar, Patna and was getting a salary of Rs. 5000/- per month. On 28.12.2000 at about 4:30 pm., the deceased son of the petitioner was shot dead in a police firing near the Kumhrar police outpost when he was going to the Sandalpur hostel with his two students and he was struck in the cross-firing that had taken place in between the police and the criminals, leading to filing of an FIR bearing Agamkuan P.S. Case No. 265 of 2000 against unknown for the offences under Section 302 /34 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE and Section 27 of the ARMS ACT . On 29.12.2000, post mortem was conducted over the body of the deceased and the death was treated to have been caused by firearms. Thereafter, the petitioner herein had filed an application dated 18.1.2001 before the District Magistrate, Patna for award of compensation, as also employment to one of the dependents of his deceased son. It appears that the District Magistrate, Patna had then, vide letter dated 19.03.2001, directed the S.D.O., Patna City to make an enquiry into the matter, who in turn directed the Circle Officer, Fatuha to conduct enquiry into the cause of death of the son of the petitioner, whereupon the respondent no. 6 i.e. the Circle Officer, Fatuha had submitted his report wherein it was stated that upon enquiry, it has transpired that when the deceased was returning from his school, one gunshot had hit on the chest of the deceased during the course of exchange of fire between the criminals and the police, resulting in death of the deceased, hence, compensation can be granted to the petitioner. The petitioner had also sent a complaint dt. 30.8.2001 to the National Human Rights Commission, New Delhi (hereinafter referred to as the 'NHRC') and the NHRC had taken cognizance of the complaint

    whereupon a Case No. 1877/4/2001-02 was registered and notice was issued to the District Collector, Patna, calling for a report in the matter.

3. Since the petitioner had failed to get any relief either from the State Government or from the NHRC, the petitioner had preferred a writ petition bearing CWJC No. 3135 of 2004 for grant of compensation and appointment to one of the dependent of the deceased son of the petitioner. However, in the meantime, NHRC had issued a notice dated 03.10.2006 under Section 18 (3) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 to the Chief Secretary, Patna asking him to show cause as to why interim relief be not recommended for payment to the next of kin of


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