IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
A. M. BADAR, J.
(20.7.2022)
Criminal Appeal (SJ) No.3508 of 2017
Kapildeo Thakur : Appellant
Vs.
State of Bihar : Respondent
Arms Act, 1959—Sections 25(1-B)a r/w 35, 25(1-AA) r/w 35 and 26 r/w Section 35—Illicit trade of weapons—Conviction and sentence—Plastic bag held by accused came was found to be containing one 7.65 mm pistol with its additional magazine and two country made firearms—Prosecution has proved offence punishable under Section 25(1-B)a of Arms Act against accused—Ballistic Expert has not even deposed that seized firearms were so designed that a single application of pressure to trigger causes continue firing of projectiles till release of pressure from trigger or magazine becomes empty—Prosecution has utterly failed to prove that what was seized from accused was "prohibited arms" as defined by Section 2(i) of Arms Act—Section 25(1-AA) of Arms Act has no application to case in hand—There is no iota of evidence on record to show that accused was manufacturing, selling, transferring, converting, repairing, testing, proving or exposing prohibited arms and ammunition—It cannot be said that offence punishable under Section 25(1-AA) of Arms Act is proved against accused/appellant—Mere holding or possessing a firearm is not sufficient to record conviction under Section 26 of Arms Act—Prosecution is enjoined to indicate material which may reflect intention of accused to conceal firearm in such a manner that public servant may not know concealment—Ingredients of penal provisions of Section 26 of Arms Act are not made out by evidence produced by prosecution on record—Without looking into relevant provisions of law existing on date of alleged offence, Trial Court had directly came to conclusion that recovered arms are falling under category of 'prohibited arms'—Even while imposing punishment on accused, prescribed punishment on date of commission of offence was lost site of by Trial Court—Conviction of appellant for offence punishable under Section 25(1-B)a of Arms Act maintained—Accused acquitted of offences punishable under Sections 25(1-AA) and 26 of Arms Act—Appeal allowed partly. (Paras 10, 12 to 15)
A. M. Badar, J.—By this appeal, appellant/convicted accused, Kapildeo Thakur is challenging the Judgment and order dated 15.09.2017 and 20.09.2017 passed by the learned Sessions Judge, Munger in Sessions Trial No. 228 of 2016 between the parties, thereby convicting him of the offences punishable under Sections 25(1-B)a r/w 35, 25(1-AA) r/w 35 and 26 r/w 35 of the Arms Act, 1959. For the offence punishable under Sections 25(1-B)a r/w 35 of the Arms Act, he is sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment of five years apart from imposition of fine of Rs.10,000/- and default sentence of simple imprisonment for three months. For the offence punishable under Sections 25(1-AA) r/w 35 of the Arms Act, the appellant is sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for ten years apart from imposition of fine of Rs. 50,000/- and default sentence of simple imprisonment for six months. For the offence punishable under Sections 26 r/w 35 of the Arms Act, he is sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for seven years apart from imposition of fine of Rs.10,000/- and default sentence of simple imprisonment for three months. Substantive sentences are directed to run concurrently by the learned trial court. For the sake of convenience, the appellant shall be referred to in his original capacity as “an accused”.
2. Facts leading to the prosecution of the accused projected from the police report can be summarized thus:—
A. P.W. 1, Abhinav Kumar Dubey who happens to be the Station House Officer of the Muffasil Police Station, Munger on 11.08.2015 had received a secret information that illicit trade of the weapons shall be happening at the site of under construction house of Bechan Singh son of Shivdhari Singh situated at the western side of the Middle School near an area named Gaira Pahar. He took sanha entry of the information so received and along with his staff comprising of P.W. 6 Raghubans Prasad Singh Police Inspector, P.W. 3 Mahendra Rajak Head Constable and others, proceeded to village Gaira Pahar. When the police party reached at the under construction house of Bechan Singh situated near the Middle School, two persons attempted to flee away from that spot. One person managed to escape whereas another one who was holding a plastic bag in his hand came to be apprehended by the police party. Upon being asked, the said person disclosed his name as Kapildeo Thakur, i.e., the present appellant/accused.
B. P.W. 1 Abhinav Kumar Dubey, Police Station Officer searched for independent witness in order to effect the search and seizure from the accused. However the independent witnesses were not available. As such members of the raiding team namely P.W. 3 Mahendra Rajak Head Constable and one another police personnel named Dhananjay Kumar were asked to act as Punch witnesses. Thereafter search of the plastic bag held by the accused came to be conducted. It was found to be containing one 7.65 mm pistol with its additional magazine and two country made firearms. By preparing seizure memo, those three firearms and one magazine came to be seized and on the basis of the First Information Report lodged on 11.08.2015 itself by P.W. 1 Abhinav Kumar Dubey, Crime No. 160 of 2015 came to be registered against the accused for the offences punishable under Sections 25(1-b)A, 25(1-AA), 25(a-AC) and 26 r/w Section 35 of the Arms Act.
C. During the course of investigation, the firearms as well as magazine came to be sent for opinion of the Ballistic Expert at the Police Centre, Lakhisarai and that report came to be obtained from P.W. 5 Shyam Sundar Prasad Kashap, Sergeant Major. Sanction as envisaged by Section 39 of the Arms Act came to be obtained from the District Magistrate, Munger and on completion of investigation, the accused came to be charge sheeted.
D. The learned trial court framed and explained the charges to the accused. He pleaded not guilty and claimed trial. In order to bring home the guilt to the accused, the prosecution has examined in all six witnesses. First
Conviction under the Arms Act was overturned due to critical evidentiary failures including improper handling of seized items and lack of ballistic expert testimony.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the requirement for sufficient and admissible evidence to prove charges beyond reasonable doubt, especially in cases involving possession of arms a....
Prosecution must provide substantive evidence, including technical expertise, to prove charges under the Arms Act; failure to do so results in acquittal.
The conviction under the Arms Act and C.L.A. Act requires proof of conscious possession and active participation in an unlawful association, which was not established in this case.
The essential requirement for an offense under Sections 3 and 25 of the Arms Act is 'conscious possession' of the ammunition, which must be proven by the prosecution; mere possession without knowledg....
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