IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
A. M. BADAR and CHANDRA SHEKHAR JHA, JJ.
(20.4.2023)
Criminal Appeal (DB) No.1132 of 2018
Dharmendra Paswan : Appellant
Vs.
State of Bihar : Respondent
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 302 read with Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 32(1) – Wife allegedly burnt to death – conviction on dying declaration – dying declaration of the deceased was not recorded by Executive Megistrate or Judicial Magistrate rather the same was recorded by the then ASI of Piro PS while she was admitted in Emergency Ward of Primary Health Center, Piro – the said ASI was not examined during trial so as to prove the contents of dying declaration of the deceased – PW7 who is the IO of the case and in whose presence the dying declaration was recorded only indentified the signature of the said ASI who recorded it and his handwriting – it can safely be said that the contents of dying declaration in absence of examination of the author of said dying declaration cannot be proved during the trial so as to read as evidence – impugned judgement, conviction and sentence set aside – appellant acquitted. (Paras 26 to 28)
(2010)8 SCC 514 – Referred.
CHANDRA SHEKHAR JHA, J.:–This appeal is directed against the impugned judgment of conviction dated 19.07.2018 and order of sentence dated 24.07.2018 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge-VI, Ara, Bhojpur (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Trial Court’) in Sessions Trial No.15 of 2018 arising out of Piro P.S. Case No.155 of 2017 whereby and whereunder the sole appellant has been convicted for the offences punishable under Sections 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code (for short ‘IPC’) and consequently, sentenced the appellant to undergo imprisonment for life.
2. The case of the prosecution, which is based upon the statement of injured/deceased, namely, Sandhya Devi, who died during the course of her treatment, while she was admitted in Primary Health Centre, Piro on 21.06.2017 at about 7:15 A.M., recorded by the Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police, Dilip Kumar Gupta. The crux of her statement reveals that her marriage was solemnized before one and a half month of the occurrence with Dharmendra Paswan (appellant/convict), son of Shiv Kumar Paswan, resident of village-Dushadhi, which falls under P.S.-Piro, District-Ara as per Hindu Rites and Rituals. It is further stated thereof that, when she joined her matrimonial home after the marriage, the things was normal but, after seven or five days, her husband found usually engaged in loose and vulgar talk with his sister-in-law (bhabhi), Lalita Devi. It was objected by deceased, resultantly she was assaulted by her gotni and husband (appellant) saying that they are in relations and she must have accepted that. It is further stated that when occurrence was reported to her in-laws, they also assaulted her and locked inside a room, where on the intervening night of 13/14.06.2017, her husband (appellant/convict) along with Lalita Devi entered inside her room and thrown a burning matchstick on her causing spreading of fire inside the room and thereafter both of them ran away after locking the room from outside. It is also stated thereof that on her alarm, neighbours and father-in-law namely, Shiv Kumar Paswan arrived, who opened the door and extinguished her fire, where her father-in-law also received burn injuries. The occurrence was reported to the local police station by the villagers and on so police officer of Piro Police Station arrived and brought her to Primary Health Center, Piro for treatment where her statement was recorded by the police. While concluding her statement, it was stated that her husband Dharmendra Paswan & Lalita Devi (sister-inlaw/gotni), wife of Lakshman Paswan and mother-in-law Laljhari Devi, wife of Shiv Kumar Paswan under common intention threw burning matchstick upon her with intention to cause her death.
3. After ascertaining the truthfulness of statement, when it was read over to her by ascriber of the statement, she put her right thumb impression upon the same for future purpose, as her condition was very serious having no chance to survive.
4. On the basis of the aforesaid statement of the deceased Sandhya Devi, the Station House Officer of Piro, Police Station registered Piro P.S. Case No.155 of 2017 dated 21.06.2017 at 9:00 A.M. under Sections 497, 324 and 307/34 of the Indian Penal Code and, later on, vide order dated 26.08.2017 Section 302 was also added in the F.I.R. Investigation of the case was handed over to the Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police, Mr. Vashishtha Chaudhary (P.W. 7), the Investigating Officer of the case.
5. On completion of investigation, the Investigating Officer submitted charge-sheet against the appellant/convict, Dharmendra Paswan vide Charge-sheet No.170 of 2017 dated 24.10.2017 under Sections 497, 324, 307 and 302 of the Indian Penal Code read with 34 of the Indian Penal Code, where investigation of the case was kept open against two FIR named accused persons, namely, Lalita Devi and Laljhari Devi.
6. On rece
Dying declarations can be the basis for conviction if they are found to be truthful and voluntary; however, they must be carefully scrutinized, especially in the absence of corroborative evidence.
The credibility of a dying declaration is not affected by the percentage and degree of burns suffered by the deceased, and the only considerations are the voluntariness and fitness of the declarant's....
: Conviction can be recorded solely on the basis of dying declaration and there is no need of corroborative evidence provided dying declaration is voluntary.
The central legal point established in the judgment is the importance of corroborative evidence and ensuring the declarant's fit state of mind in determining the reliability of a dying declaration.
A dying declaration must be trustworthy and corroborated; significant discrepancies in the statement led to acquittal due to reasonable doubt not established by prosecution.
Dying declarations can serve as sole basis for conviction if deemed reliable, conscious, and voluntary.
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