IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
VIPUL M. PANCHOLI and RAMESH CHAND MALVIYA, JJ.
Criminal Appeal (DB) No.1121 of 2017
(26.6.2024)
Shashi Mahto ... Appellant
vs.
State of Bihar ... Respondent
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 302/34 [Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 – Sections 103/3(5)] – Arms Act, 1959 – Section 27(1) – Murder – Common intention – Life sentence – Prosecution has examined father, mother and sister of deceased – They are interested witnesses – No other independent witnesses have been examined by prosecution – Merely because witnesses are near relatives or interested witnesses, only on that ground their version cannot be discarded, however, such deposition is required to be scrutinized closely – There are major contradictions and inconsistencies in story of prosecution – There is nothing on record to suggest that police has recorded dying declaration of injured (deceased) at place of occurrence – So-called oral dying declaration given by deceased before prosecution witnesses cannot be believed – Story put forward by prosecution through so-called eye-witness that there was only one assailant who fired two bullets from pistol cannot be believed – There are all chances that because of land-dispute appellant may have been implicated in the incident – Merely because there are antecedents reported against appellant, his appeal cannot be dismissed if there is no evidence available against him in present case – Appellant acquitted of charges levelled against him. (Paras 17, 20 to 24, 28 and 31 to 33)
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 173 [Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 – Section 193] – Crime investigation – In a case of defective investigation, Court has to be circumspect in evaluating evidence but it would not be right in acquitting accused person solely on account of defect – To do so would tantamount to playing into hands of Investigating Officer whose investigation is designedly defective – If primacy is given to such designed or negligent investigation, to omission of lapses by perfunctory investigation or omissions, faith and confidence of people would be shaken – Where prosecution is fully established by direct testimony of eye-witnesses which is corroborated by medical evidence, any failure or omission of Investigating Officer cannot render prosecution case doubtful or unworthy of belief – A witness may be close relative, is not a ground enough to reject his testimony. (Para 26)
Vipul M. Pancholi.—The present appeal has been filed under Section 374(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred as ‘Cr.P.C.’) challenging the impugned judgment of conviction dated 12.07.2017 and order of sentence dated 18.07.2017, passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge-Rosera, Samastipur, in connection with Sessions Trial No. 177 of 2013 (arising out of Rosera P.S. Case No. 207 of 2011 corresponding to G.R. No. 976 of 2011) by which the appellant/convict has been convicted for the offences under Section 302/34 of I.P.C. and 27(1) of the Arms Act and sentenced to imprisonment for life and a fine of Rs.20000/- for the offence u/s 302 of the I.P.C. and, in default of payment of fine, he has been directed to undergo R.I. for 6 (six) months. He has further been sentenced to undergo R.I. for 3 (three) years and a fine of Rs. 10000/- for the offence u/s-27(1) of the Arms Act and, in default of payment of fine, to undergo further 3(three) months R.I. Both the sentences have been directed to run concurrently.
2. Heard Mr. Rajendra Narain, learned Sr. Advocate assisted by Mr. Jagdhar Prasad for the appellant, Mr. Sujit Kumar Singh, learned A.P.P. for the respondent-State and Mrs. Nivedita Nirvikar, learned Sr. Advocate assisted by Mrs. Mira Kumari, Ms. Shashi Priya, for the informant.
3. The brief facts leading to the filing of the present appeal are as under:
“On 01/12/2011 at around 8:00 pm, the informant’s son Chhotu Kumar, aged about 20 years, had gone to the market with her daughter Ritu Devi to buy medicines. At around 08.15 p.m., her daughter Ritu Devi came home crying and shouting that (1) Shashi Mahto, S/o- Umesh Mahto, R/o- Girls High School, Rosera and (2) Amarjeet Kumar Sah, S/o- Suresh Sah, R/o- Lakshmipur, both PS-Rosera, Distt.- Samastipur, have shot bullets in the forehead with a pistol near Ramesh Mahto's wholesale shop (Gaddi) next to the old hospital under Ward No.14, due to which he got seriously injured. Both of them had pistols in their hands. At this, she came running along with other family members and saw her son Chhotu Kumar on the road near Ramesh Mahto's wholesale shop (Gaddi) with a wound on his head which was drenched with blood. When she asked her injured son, he said to her, "Mother, Shashi Mahto and Amarjeet Sah have fired at me." Then, with the help of other family members, she got her injured son admitted in the Sub-divisional Hospital for treatment. But the doctor immediately, assessing the condition to be critical, referred him to Sadar Hospital, Samastipur. They were taking Chhotu Kumar to Samastipur by ambulance, but her son Chhotu Kumar succumbed to the injuries near Sindhiya Ghat bridge. She again returned back in ambulance van to the sub-divisional hospital. Bhola Mahto, S/o-late Vindeshwar Mahto, R/o-Girls High School Rosera, PS-Rosera, Distt.-Samastipur has played the main role in the incident. The reason for the incident is the land dispute with Shashi Kumar Mahto and his family for many years. Last month too, Shashi Mahto had beaten her daughter and her, in connection with which a case was filed.”
4. After filing of the F.I.R., the investigating agency carried out the investigation and, during the course of investigation, the Investigating Officer recorded the statement of the witnesses and collected the relevant documents and thereafter filed the charge-sheet against the accused. As the case was exclusively triable by the Court of Sessions, the case was committed to the Court of Sessions.
5. Learned Senior Advocate for the appellant Mr. Rajendra Narain submits that the prosecution has examined only near relatives of the deceased who are interested witnesses. It is further submitted that P.W. 3 is not an eyewitnesses. However, she was projected as an eye-witness to the incident in question. He has also submitted that the so-called oral dying declaration made by the deceased before P.W. 1 and P.W. 2, who are parents of the deceased, is not required to be believed.
The court holds that the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt due to significant contradictions in eyewitness accounts and absence of supporting medical evidence, warranting acqu....
The prosecution must prove charges beyond reasonable doubt; unreliable eyewitness testimony, especially from near relatives, cannot substantiate a conviction.
The prosecution must establish its case beyond reasonable doubt, and reliance on uncorroborated witness testimony, especially from related parties, is insufficient for conviction.
The prosecution failed to prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt due to reliance on uncorroborated eyewitness testimony from interested parties and lack of independent evidence.
Mere failure of the prosecution in producing reports from the Forensic Science Laboratory relating to the weapon of offence and the blood-stained earth and clothes would not derogate from the veracit....
The prosecution must prove the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt, and inconsistencies in witness testimonies can lead to the acquittal of the accused.
The prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; uncorroborated and contradictory witness accounts render convictions unsafe.
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