IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
HARISH KUMAR, J.
CWJC No.2846 of 2022
(3.9.2024)
Smt. Raj Lakshmi Mishra & Anr. ... Petitioner
vs.
Chairman-Cum-Managing Director, Canara Bank & Ors. ... Respondents
Hindu Law – Succession – Settlement of amount under National Pension Scheme (NPS) – Mere nomination made in favour of a particular person does not have effect of conferring on nominee any beneficial interest in property after death of person concerned – Nomination indicates hand which is authorised to receive amount or manage property – Property or amount, can be claimed by heirs of deceased, in accordance with law of succession governing them – If appellant disputes this fact and claims to be first lawfully wedded wife and in civil law, entitled to family pension, then, it is for her to establish her right, title and interest in this regard in court and get an order to override nomination made by person/employee concerned – Nominee, in matters where status and right is disputed, is merely a trustee for rightful owner thereof but subject to right of nominee to receive and give a valid discharge – Nominee would not become an absolute owner upon receipt of properties but is a trustee for heirs – Once on account of petitioner-mother and respondent-widow of deceased employee, a right has been vested in their favour, same cannot be divested because of any family feud – Amount so received are to be distributed according to Hindu Succession Act, 1956 – Writ petition partly allowed. (Paras 13, 14, 15, 21, 22 and 24)
Harish Kumar, J.—This Court has heard Mr. Gyanendra Kumar Shukla, learned Advocate for the petitioners, Mr. Jitendra Kumar, learned Advocate for the Canara Bank and Mr. Shekhar Singh, learned Advocate for respondent no.4.
2. The petitioners are aggrieved with the order contained in reference no. KC:HRM:807: 2021 dated 29.07.2021 (Annexure-4 to the writ petition) whereby the claim of the petitioners for settlement of amount under National Pension Scheme was rejected by the respondent Bank on the ground that the deceased employee late Brajesh Mishra had given the names of the petitioners as a joint nominees prior to his marriage and after marriage there is no fresh nomination, thus the concerned respondents directed to produce succession certificate of deceased son of petitioner no.1 for settlement of the National Pension Scheme (NPS) amount, which is lying under the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (hereinafter referred to as ‘the PFRDA’). The petitioners also sought a direction upon the respondent authorities to release the pensionary benefits-cum-terminal benefits so as to appropriate the housing loan taken by the deceased son of petitioner no.1.
3. The short facts, which led to the filing of the present writ petition are that the son of petitioner no.1, namely, Brajesh Mishra (deceased) was working as a Chief Manager at Kolkata, Circle Office since 28.04.2020 and passed away during service period on 20.01.2021. During the service, the deceased son of petitioner no.1 nominated the name of petitioner no.1, who happens to be his mother and petitioner no.2, his brother as joint nominee. On account of untimely demise of the son of petitioner no.1, she submitted an application with the Bank for settlement of death/terminal claim of her deceased son jointly with deceased wife (respondent no.4) on 21.03.2021. Subsequent thereto, the petitioner no.1 had revoked her earlier authorization tendered in favour of deceased wife for settlement of retiral and terminal dues vide Email dated 10.05.2021, and further vide letter dated 13.05.2021. The prayer of the petitioners was duly considered and the settlement amount was released by the Bank, but was appropriated and adjusted under the unsecured loan availed by the deceased employee and accordingly, the petitioners were informed vide letter dated 22.11.2021.
4. In the meanwhile, the petitioners submitted an application on behalf of late Brajesh Mishra to exit from National Pension System on 22.07.2021 due to sudden demise of the subscriber. However, the claim of the petitioners have been negated vide letter no. KC:HRM:807: 2021 dated 29.07.2021, which is put to challenge before this Court.
5. Referring to Sub-Clause V of Clause 31 of Gazette notification issued by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority Regulation, 2015, the impugned order states that a fresh nomination was to be made by the subscriber on his marriage and any nomination made before such marriage shall be deemed to be invalid; the petitioners, thus directed to submit a legal heir certificate to settle the NPS amount lying with PFRDA.
6. Assailing the impugned order, as contained in Annexure-4 to the writ petition, learned Advocate for the petitioners contended that the very aforesaid Regulation has been amended in the year 2017, which crystallized that at the time of exit of the subscriber on account of death, the nomination, if any existing in the records of subscriber with his or her employer for the purpose of receiving other terminal benefits shall be treated as nomination exercised for the purposes of receiving benefits under the NPS. The copy of the amended rule has been brought on record by way of Annexure- 5/1 to the writ petition. Learned Advocate for the petitioners would thus contended that despite the amendment in the above Regulation in the NPS, as noted above, the denial of the legitimate claim of the petitioners to receive the NPS amount is apparently suffers from illegalities of the h
Shipra Sengupta vs. Mridul Sengupta
Ati Razia Devi vs. State of Bihar
Shiv Shankar Arya vs. Union of India
Khushboo Gupta vs. Life Insurance Corporation of India Through Executive Director
Nomination does not confer ownership rights; legal heirs retain entitlement to the deceased's estate under succession laws.
A nominee does not inherit the estate of the deceased and must distribute amounts to legal heirs according to succession laws.
Nominees do not inherit the estate of the deceased; they must distribute amounts to legal heirs according to succession laws.
Nomination in insurance does not confer absolute rights over terminal benefits, which pertain to legal heirs under succession laws.
Nominee holds pension/gratuity as trustee; legal spouse's claim prevails over nomination under succession laws.
The legal point established is the entitlement of the legally wedded spouse to pensionary benefits under the applicable rules and the invalidity of nominations contrary to statutory provisions.
General Provident Fund – Nomination – When nomination becomes invalid, amount is to be distributed/divided amongst all eligible members.
Post-retirement spouses are entitled to family pension benefits, allowing for a change of nomination in pension documents as per relevant rules.
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