IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
SHAILENDRA SINGH, J.
First Appeal No.83 of 2010
(27.1.2025)
Shamshad Alam & Ors. ... Appellants
vs.
State of Bihar ... Respondent
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 – Order 8 Rule 3 and Section 58 of the Evidence Act read with Section 90 of the Evidence Act – Pleading made in the plaint, not denied in the written statement – It is a settled position of law that it a pleading of the plaintiff made in his plaint is neither denied nor disputed in the written statement then such pleading should be treated as stands admitted in terms of Order VIII, Rule 3 of the CPC and Section 58 of the Evidence Act – Here, the sale deed produced by the plaintiff of the year 1949 (Ext. 1/A) being a registered document more than 30 years old and there being no evidence given by the defendant/respondent in rebuttal of the same, there was no option before the Trial Court except to presume the said sale deed. (Para 12)
Limitation Act, 1963, Article 58 – Declaration of title – Period of Limitation – Suit is of the year 2017 – According to the plaintiffs, the title in favour of the plaintiffs in the suit land arose on 9.9.2000, when the sale deed executed by their vendor in their favour in connection with the suit land – So, in such a situation, the limitation period for correcting the revenue records started either from the date of the execution of the sale deed or when the plaintiffs' prayer for mutation in the suit land was denied by revenue authority as there was no reason for the plaintiffs to file a suit under Sections 106 and 108 of B.T. Act before getting a title in the land in question – It is an established position of law that mere a wrong entry in connection with a land in the revenue does not abolish the title of one nor create the title in favour of one and as per the pleading of the plaintiffs, the alleged error in survey record regarding an entry in respect of the suit land was first detected when the plaintiffs tried to get the mutation done in respect of their purchased land and only then, the cause of action arose in their favour and since that point of time, the limitation period can be deemed to law started. (Para 14)
Shree Durga Industrial Corpn. Vs. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Ltd., 1988 PLJR 96; Sita Sharan Prasad Vs. Manorama Devi, 2012 (2) PLJR 190; State of Bihar Vs. Alakh Singh, 2013 (4) PLJR 363 – Relied.
Shree Durga Industrial Corpn. Vs. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Ltd. 1988 PLJR 96; M. Venkataramana Hebbar (D) by L.Rs. Vs. M. Rajagopal Hebbar, 2007 (3) PLJR 81 (SC); Suresh Prasad Singh Vs. Nathuni Ansari 2013 (3) PLJR Page 341 – Referred.
Shailendra Singh, J.—The instant First Appeal has been filed against the judgment dated 26.03.2010 passed in the Title Suit No. 27 of 2001 by the learned trial court of Sub Judge-VII, Muzaffarpur by which the plaintiffs’ suit was dismissed on contest. The appellants were plaintiffs before the learned trial court whereas the sole respondent was the defendant. The plaintiffs filed their suit with a prayer to declare their title in the suit land. Here, it is important to mention that the respondent appeared before the learned trial court but failed to file written statement despite being given several opportunities by the learned trial court and finally, one more opportunity to file the written statement on the condition of payment of Rs. 100/- (Rupees One Hundred) was granted but even then the cost was not deposited, so, the learned trial court did not take into account the written statement filed by the defendant at later stage and since there was no pleading of the defendant, so, the learned trial court did not frame issue. Further, the defendant did not give any oral or documentary evidence to disprove or rebut the plaintiffs’ pleadings and finally, both the parties were heard and the learned trial court dismissed the suit of the plaintiffs mainly on three following grounds.
2. First ground, is that, the suit land is in the name of Bihar Government and in this regard, there is an entry in the Revisional Survey Khatiyan (in short ‘RS Khatiyan’) which was done between 1972 and 1981 and the said entry is alleged to be wrong as per pleading of the plaintiffs but neither the vendor of the appellants nor the appellants themselves attempted to correct the entry in the RS (Khatiyan) and the suit was filed thirty years after the completion and publication of the RS (Khatiyan) while the same ought to have been filed within three years from the date of the publication of the RS (Khatiyan).
3. The second ground which was taken into account by the learned trial court in dismissing the suit of the appellants is that there are variations in respect of the boundaries in the sale deeds (Exts. ‘1’, ‘1/A’ and ‘4’) which are related to the transfer of title in favour of the appellants and their vendors.
4. The third ground is that the plaintiffs failed to prove by adducing sufficient evidence that Shri Kameshwar Singh then Maharaja Dhiraj, Darbhanga, who was said to be the owner of the suit land, had ownership title and right to sale the same through his Chief Manager. As per learned trial court, the main question for determination was whether the plaintiffs got a valid title through the sale deed No. 19871 dated 09.09.2000 (Ext.- ‘1’) and whether the land in question was validly transferred to the plaintiffs by their vendors having legal title in the suit land and therefore, whether the plaintiffs/appellants were entitled to get the decree of the declaration of their title in the suit land. The said questions were answered against the plaintiffs by the trial court and consequently, their suit was dismissed
5. Mr. Nagendra Rai, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellants has argued that the aforesaid grounds taken by the learned trial court in the judgment impugned while disbelieving the claim of the plaintiffs are completely not tenable in the eye of law. As it is an admitted position that the pleadings of the plaintiffs remained unrebutted as the written statement filed by the defendant was not taken into consideration by the learned trial court and further, no evidence was adduced by the defendant against the pleadings of the plaintiffs and accordingly, there was no denial of the pleadings of the plaintiffs by the defendant and it is well settled law that if there is no specific denial by the defendant in respect of the specific plea taken by the plaintiff in his pleading then such pleading must be treated as being admitted. In support of this contention, learned counsel has placed reliance upon the judgment of this Court passed in the ca
Shree Durga Industrial Corpn. vs. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Ltd.
Sita Sharan Prasad vs. Manorama Devi
State of Bihar vs. Alakh Singh
Shree Durga Industrial Corpn. vs. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Ltd. 1988 PLJR 96
M. Venkataramana Hebbar (D) by L.Rs. vs. M. Rajagopal Hebbar
In a suit for declaration of title, the plaintiff must prove ownership; failure to seek possession forfeits claims against an adverse possessor.
The presumption of correctness of entries in the record of rights under the Bihar Land Reforms Act is rebuttable, and mere possession does not confer title without proof of vendor's title.
Entries in revenue records do not create or extinguish title; the right to sue arises from the threat of dispossession, and possessory title can be sufficient to establish ownership against all but t....
Property disputes require clear proof of title and possession; without these, claims may be barred by limitation and statutory provisions.
The court held that the plaintiffs proved ownership through valid Sale Deed; defendants failed to substantiate adverse possession claims due to contradictions in evidence.
The record of rights (Khatian) is presumptive evidence of ownership, establishing Rayati rights until disproved, leading to recovery of possession.
The burden of proof lies on the party asserting ownership or adverse possession, and mere entries in khatian records do not suffice to establish title without supporting evidence.
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