IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
P. B. BAJANTHRI and SUNIL DUTTA MISHRA, JJ.
Miscellaneous Appeal No.653 of 2022
(18.4.2025)
Shweta Kumari ... Appellant
vs.
Rakesh Kumar ... Respondent
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 – Section 13 (1) (ia) and (ib) – Divorce – Cruelty and desertion by wife – Relationship between parties appears to be strained from very beginning and it soured over the years – Reconciliation proceedings between both parties failed – Parties stayed together only for few years of marriage, and even though they have a daughter out of wedlock, they have been staying separately for about 16 years – They have made serious allegations against each other and have been involved in litigation since then – Both parties have no intention to reconcile – Long standing separation, nature of differences, prolonged litigation, pending adjudication and unwillingness of parties to reconcile, are enough evidence to show that marriage between parties has broken irretrievably – Due to lapse of time and changed circumstances, it is not in interest of justice to interfere in impugned judgment/decree granting divorce between parties. (Paras 7 and 9)
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 – Section 25 – Quantum of permanent alimony – Duration of marriage is also a relevant factor in determining quantum of permanent alimony – Generally, marriages that lasts more than 10 years are entitled to be granted a lifetime alimony – Conduct of party seeking relief is also relevant – Appellant-wife is employed as Panchayat Teacher having monthly salary of Rs.42,799/- and capable of maintaining herself – It is duty and obligation of a Hindu father to maintain his unmarried daughter if she is unable to maintain herself – Father also has obligation to meet reasonable expenses of marriage of his daughter as per social as well as economic status – Right of an unmarried daughter to get marriage expenses from her is now a legal right – Definition of 'maintenance' is inclusive of marriage expenditure – Law does not give any provision which states that an unmarried daughter even if employed and earning be assumed to have resource to meet her matrimonial expenses – A father who lives separately from his wife and daughter cannot escape liability to maintain his daughter – Respondent-husband directed to deposit Rs. 20 Lakhs in name of daughter for expenses towards her education and marriage. (Paras 17, 18, 23, 24 and 25)
Sunil Dutta Mishra, J. – Heard learned counsel for both the parties.
2. This Miscellaneous Appeal has been filed against the judgment dated 05.11.2022 and decree dated 14.11.2022 passed by the learned Principal Judge, Family Court, Patna in Matrimonial Case No. 694 of 2011 whereby and whereunder the learned Family Court has allowed the divorce case filed by the respondent-husband under Section 13 (1) (ia) and (ib) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
3. The case of the respondent-husband in brief is that the marriage between the appellant-wife and respondent-husband was solemnized on 08.07.2003 according to Hindu rites and rituals at the parental house of the appellant-wife situated at Mohalla Patel Nagar, Patna in presence of common wellwishers and relatives, and both the parties lived together as husband and wife. It is alleged that in the month of April, 2005 the appellant-wife left the society and company without consent of the respondent-husband and against his will she went to her naihar. Gradually, the behaviour and attitude of the appellant changed and she used to be very adamant on trivial issues. Both the parties, out of their wedlock, were blessed with a female child ‘Khushi’ @ ‘Wagisha Raj’ on 15.12.2004, who is presently in the custody and care of appellant-wife. The appellant-wife was ignorant about the health of the female child Khushi. It has been alleged that the appellant-wife refused to have physical relationship with the respondent-husband. Further, the appellantwife filed a criminal case under Sections 498A, 379, and 34 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 against the respondent, his parents and unmarried nanad on 15.03.2007 vide Danapur P.S. Case No. 209 of 2007 in which the aforesaid accused were granted bail and after compromise respondent-husband and his family members were acquitted vide judgment dated 06.01.2008 from the Court of SDJM, Danapur. Based on the said compromise, the Matrimonial Case No. 100 of 2007 for restitution of conjugal rights was also disposed of. Thereafter, the appellant- wife along with her daughter Khushi went to live in her matrimonial house and started residing since 06.10.2007. It is stated that the appellant-wife is employed as a panchayat teacher in Bihar Government from 04.04.2007. She used to oppress the respondent to work outside Patna, and when he shifted to Hyderabad she was still unhappy. The appellant-wife treated the parents of the respondent-husband with cruelty and despite their old age and fragile health, she neglected their basic needs, including depriving them of food. The respondenthusband had to return back to Patna. The appellant-wife again left the matrimonial house on 18.03.2009 along with her daughter and again filed a criminal case against the respondent and his parents vide Complaint Case No. 535 (C) of 2010. Also, while leaving her matrimonial home she took along with her belongings including gold ornaments and valuable clothes. The relationship between the appellant and respondent has been irretrievably broken down and there is no hope of any restoration of their relationship. Hence, the respondent-husband sought decree of divorce from the learned Family Court vide Matrimonial Case No. 694 of 2011.
4. The appellant-wife appeared and filed her written statement and denied the allegation alleged by the respondent-husband. It is stated that all the demands raised at her marriage by the parents of the respondent-husband were fulfilled by the father of appellant-wife with a view to make family life and future of the appellant-wife happy and cheerful. The appellant-wife used to take proper care of the parents of the respondent and did her best to please them as a simple Indian wife. It was further stated that, from 5th month of her pregnancy till the delivery of the female child her father took all care and borne all expenses so related wherein the respondent-husband never performed his responsibility and duty of a husband. It is further stated that the behaviour of the re
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(1) Divorce – Irretrievable breakdown of marriage may not be a ground for dissolution of marriage, under Hindu Marriage Act, but it is a ground for dissolution of marriage under Section 13(1)(1a) of ....
Permanent alimony decisions must be based on a comprehensive analysis of financial circumstances, marriage duration, and standards of living, not merely awarded without justified reasoning.
The court established that allegations of cruelty must be substantiated with evidence, and the absence of such evidence can lead to the dismissal of divorce petitions.
The court emphasized the necessity of considering financial status and reasonable needs when determining permanent alimony, referencing established criteria from prior judgments.
Mental cruelty justifies divorce; unilateral refusal of cohabitation and long-term separation erode marital obligations under Hindu Marriage Act.
The court's decision was influenced by the interpretation of Section 25 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and the consideration of relevant factors such as the parties' income, conduct, and circumstan....
The court upheld the divorce as mutual consent was reflected in prolonged separation, emphasizing the need for permanent alimony considering the parties' financial circumstances.
Divorce is granted based on the irretrievable breakdown of marriage, and permanent alimony is awarded factoring in the financial capacities of the parties.
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