IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
VIPUL M. PANCHOLI and SUNIL DUTTA MISHRA, JJ.
Govt. Appeal (DB) No. 3 of 1999
(8.5.2025)
State of Bihar ... Appellant
vs.
Hardeo Mandal & Ors. ... Respondents
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 302/34 – Arms Act, 1959 – Section 27 – Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Section 378 – Murder – Common intention – Appeal against acquittal – There are major contradictions and inconsistencies in version of prosecution with regard to presence of so-called eye-witnesses at scene of occurrence – Prosecution has failed to examine Doctor who had conducted post mortem of dead body of deceased – There is no reference with regard to blow given by any of accused by any other weapon/hard and blunt substance – Medical evidence does not support case of so-called eye-witnesses – In case of acquittal, there is double presumption in favour of accused – If two reasonable conclusions are possible on the basis of evidence on record, Appellate Court should not disturb finding recorded by Trial Court – Prosecution has failed to prove case against accused beyond reasonable doubt – No interference is required in impugned judgment of acquittal rendered by Trial Court – Appeal dismissed. (Paras 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.8, 14, 15 and 16)
Chandrappa Vs. State of Karnataka, (2007) 4 SCC 415 – Relied.
Vipul M. Pancholi, J. – This appeal under Section 378(1) and (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure has been preferred by the State against the judgment dated 22.12.1998 passed by the 2nd Additional Sessions Judge, Banka, in Sessions Trial No.40/97, whereby the three respondents herein have been acquitted of the charges levelled against them.
FACTUAL MATRIX:
2. Amarpur P.S. Case No. 33 of 1996 came to be registered on 13.02.1996 at 10.15 AM by the Sub-Inspector of Police, Amarpur P.S., against three named accused persons, respondents herein, under Section 302/34 of the IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act, based on the fard-beyan of the informant, Chandeshwari Yadav (PW 5). The informant, in his fard-beyan, recorded in the premises of Sadar Hospital, Banka, has stated that his son, namely, Shankar Yadav (deceased) is the owner of a ‘Tata Maxi’ which is used to be plied by him on Amarpur to Banka Road. One Hardeo Mandal (respondent No. 1 herein) too used to ply a ‘Tata Maxi’ in the same route. It is further stated that on 12.02.1996 with regard to timing of plying of vehicles, Hardeo Mandal of village Makduma raised a dispute and threatened his son that he will get him lifted within 24 hours, which his son had told at the home. It is further stated in the fard-beyan that while, on 13.02.1996, at around 07:00 AM, he along with his son (deceased) was going to Makduma, in connection with some work Kanki Yadav, Arun Yadav of his village and brother-in-law of his son, namely, Tuntun Yadav, were also going, on the pitch road near Pasi-Yadav Tola, Hardeo Mandal, armed with country-made pistol, Mahesh Mandal, armed with pistol and Manoj Mandal armed with licensed gun had been waiting there, surrounded his son and Manoj Mandal opened one shot and said that whoever will come in the way will be shot. Out of fear, he, other persons of his village and the people grazing their cattle nearby stopped there. When his son cried for help, then he saw that, with an intention to kill his son Hardeo Mandal and Mahesh Mandal, both abusing his son, fired point blank in the left side of his neck. The informant heard sound of two gun shots. It is also stated in the fard-beyan that Mahesh Mandal also abusively said that he will not die with two bullets and made another fire, upon which his son fell down and all the three fled away. When the informant and others reached nears his son, his son told that Hardeo and Mahesh Mandal have shot him. His son was soaked with blood. Three bullet marks were there on the neck of his son with charring mark and as the shot his his neck, the bullet exited from the middle of his head and more blood was oozing out from there. The informant has stated that Kanikmi Yadav, Arun Yadav, Anirudh Yadav, Soti Yadav and Tuntun Yadav have seen the occurrence. Thereafter, the injured was brought to Hospital at Banka in a vehicle, but the Doctor told that the injured has died. The informant has stated that with pre-planning and with an intention to kill his son, he was waylaid and has been shot dead.
2.1. On completion of investigation, charge-sheet was submitted against the respondents herein before the concerned Magistrate Court and as the case was exclusively triable by the Court of Sessions, the learned Magistrate committed the same to the Sessions Court under Section 209 of the Code, where the same was registered as Sessions Trial No. 40/97.
2.2. At the trial, the prosecution examined six witnesses and also produced documentary evidence. Thereafter, further statement of the accused was recorded under Section 313 of the Code and after completion of the trial, the Trial Court passed the impugned judgment and acquitted the accused of the charges framed against them against which the State has preferred the present appeal.
3. Heard Mr. Dilip Kumar Sinha, learned Additional Public Prosecutor appearing on behalf of the appellant- State and Mr. Ranjan Kumar Jha, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents-accused.
SUBMISSIONS ON BEHAL
The prosecution failed to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt due to contradictions in eyewitness testimonies, leading to the affirmation of the trial court's acquittal.
The principles governing appeals against acquittal emphasize the presumption of innocence and the necessity for the prosecution to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, with the appellate court exer....
An appellate court may reappraise evidence in acquittal appeals but maintains double presumption of innocence, requiring clear support for findings before altering trial court decisions.
In acquittal appeals, the prosecution bears the burden to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, with a double presumption in favor of the accused, making it difficult to overturn a trial court's acqui....
Eyewitness testimony carries significant evidentiary weight; convictions can be sustained on reliable single eyewitness accounts without need for corroboration if found trustworthy.
The prosecution failed to prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt due to reliance on uncorroborated eyewitness testimony from interested parties and lack of independent evidence.
An acquittal carries a double presumption of innocence, and the appellate court must not disturb findings unless clear error is established.
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