2025 Supreme(Pat) 282
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Shailendra Singh, J.
Alok Kumar Sinha, S/o Ajit Kumar Sinha and ors.- Appellants
Versus
Anil Kumar Singh & Anr. - Respondents
First Appeal No.12 of 2006
Decided On : 17-03-2025
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. J.K. Verma, Adv., Mr. Anjani Kumar, Adv., Mr. Ravi Raj, Adv., Ms. Shweta Raj, Adv.
For the Respondent: Mr. Dewendra Narayan Singh, Adv.
Amendments in pleadings under Order 6, Rule 17 CPC should be allowed to serve the ends of justice unless they change the nature of the suit or unreasonably prejudice the other party.
Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order 6, Rule 17 - Amendment of pleading - An application was made to allow an amendment to include particulars regarding a sale deed and relationship disputes related to property ownership. The court found that such amendments are necessary for determining the real questions in controversy and should not cause injustice to the opposing party. The appellant sought to include additional evidence obtained under the Right to Information Act as part of the procedural fairness and to substantiate their claims regarding the ownership of a disputed land parcel. (Paras 3, 10, 18)
(B) Legal Principles - The court emphasized that amendments are to be allowed liberally where necessary for justice unless they would change the nature of the suit or cause undue prejudice. Also, it noted that a new case or cause of action cannot be introduced if settled relationships and titles were already under consideration. (Paras 10, 12)
Facts of the case:
The original appellant claimed title to a disputed 5 Katha land parcel through a lineage dispute, involving sale deeds allegedly executed without proper authority. The appeal followed the trial court's dismissal of related suits, highlighting issues of legal ownership.
Findings of Court:
The court allowed the amendment and additional documentary evidence, underpinning the necessity of determining property rights accurately and addressing potential injustices that could arise from previous judgments.
Issues: The primary legal issues included determining the legality of questioned sale deeds and the authority of the vendor to effect such transfers.
Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that allowing amendments is vital to achieve justice, thus it must enable litigants to fully present their cases, while also balancing against introducing new causes outside established facts.
Result: Both interlocutory applications stand allowed.
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. interlocutory applications presented by appellants (Para 1 , 2) |
| 2. factual background regarding land ownership and transactions (Para 3) |
| 3. counsel supports proposed amendments with past judgments (Para 4) |
| 4. arguments against amendment due to timing and relevance (Para 5 , 6 , 8 , 9) |
| 5. arguments from respondents contest the validity and timing of proposed amendments. (Para 7) |
| 6. court's analysis on the necessity and implications of amendments (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13) |
| 7. court's order allowing amendments and further proceedings (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17) |
| 8. final order regarding the interlocutory applications (Para 18 , 19) |
ORDER :
Shailendra Singh, J.
Re : I.A. Nos. 3292 of 2018 & 3293 of 2018
Both the interlocutory applications were filed by the original appellant(plaintiff), namely, Ajit Kumar Singh, who died on 21.07.2020 and his legal heirs have already been substituted in the memo of appeal vide order No. 24 dated 18.07.2022. The interlocutory applications Nos. 3292 of 2018 and 3293 of 2018 are hereinafter referred to as ‘I.A. No. 3292’ and ‘I.A. No. 3293’ respectively.
2. I.A. No. 3292 has been filed under Order 6, Rule 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short ‘C.P.C.’) with a prayer to permit the appellant to make an amendment in the plaint by adding a new paragraph No. 22 ¼d½ which is as follows :-
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3. Mr. J.K. Verma, learned counsel appearing for the appellants submits that the relevant facts leading to these interlocutory applications are that one late Ramprit Ram got 1 Bigha land, out of 5 Bighas 10 Katha of land in his share in partition of joint family property, of which details have been given in the plaint. The said Ramprit Ram sold his one Bigha land to his uncle late Surat Ram and one relative of his uncle, namely, Jai Ram Mahto on 12.08.1926. Later on, both the persons sold 10 kathha land out of the said land to one Padarath Ram on 08.04.1936 but since the consideration amount was not paid, so, that sale deed became null and void. Later, Jai Ram Mahto and one Vishwanath, son of late Surat Ram, sold the said 1 Bigha land purchased from Ramprit Ram, along with other lands to one Awadh Bihari Prasad on 08.11.1944 and put him in possession over the said sold lands. Thereafter, one namely, Fateh Bahadur, who was a senior law practioner of Chapra purchased the said land from Awadh Bihari Prasad on 05.09.1945 in the name of his brother-in-law (sarhu) Jagarnath Prasad @ Tuntun Babu through benami sale and the said Jagarnath Prasad @ Tuntun Babu executed a registered Ladavi deed in the name of Fateh Bahadur claiming and showing himself as “NAME LENDER” on 08.08.1952 and later on, the said 1 bigha land was partitioned in the family of late Fateh Bahadur who had one more brother, namely, late Kapildeo Narayan and the plaintiff/original appellant and the substituted appellants are the descendants of late Kapildeo Narayan and finally, the plaintiff and his brother got 10 Katha land out of 1 Bigha through the partition suit No. 44 of 1969 and the said 10 katha land was again partitioned between the plaintiff and his own brother Anjanee Kumar Sinha and both got 5 Katha land each. Likewise, the descendants of Fateh Bahadur also got their share in the land partitioned. It is further submitted that the legal heirs of Fateh Bahadur and the brother of plaintiff sold their entire share in the said 1 Bigha land which originally belonged to late Ramprit Ram and all the purchasers came in possession over the sold land and constructed different houses upon it also. Th