IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
RAJEEV RANJAN PRASAD, SONI SHRIVASTAVA, JJ.
Santosh Marandi, S/o Bhairo Marandi - Appellant
Versus
The State of Bihar – Respondent
CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No.591 of 2023
Decided on : 25-03-2026
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 – Section 4(2) read with Section 29 – Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 376 – Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 – Section 94 – Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 114(g) – Rape of minor girl – Conviction and sentence – Age of victim/prosecutrix has not been disclosed by prosecution – No endeavour/effort has been undertaken in course of trial to determine age which was prime requirement for raising a presumption under Section 29 of POCSO Act – Prosecution has failed to lay down basic foundational facts to attract presumption under Section 29 of POCSO Act – Charge levelled under Section 4 of POCSO Act is liable to fail – Doctor has categorically stated that there was no sign of any struggle and protest – It is not the case of prosecution that appellant was lashed/armed with any deadly weapon – Three days' delay in lodging of FIR even after knowledge of occurrence would create some dent in prosecution story and FIR cannot be said to be free from blemish – Withholding of a material witness would result in drawing an adverse inference against prosecution in terms of Section 114(g) of Evidence Act, 1872 – Appellant acquitted by giving him benefit of doubt – Appeal allowed. (Paras 22 to 26, 33 and 34)
Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 6 [Section 4 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023] – Res gestae – Hearsay evidence within provisions of Section 6 must be almost contemporaneous with acts and there should not be an interval which would allow fabrication – Section 6 would be attracted only when fact is wholly connected with facts in issue. (Paras 29 and 31)
JUDGMENT :
RAJEEV RANJAN PRASAD, J.
1. Heard Mr. Ajay Kumar Thakur, learned counsel for the appellant and Mr. Ajay Mishra, learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the State.
2. The informant-Respondent No. 2 has entered appearance through her Advocate and the name of the learned Advocate is printed in the cause list but no one has appeared before this Court.
3. The sole appellant in this case is seeking setting aside of the judgment of conviction dated 16.05.2023 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘impugned judgment’) and the order of sentence dated 20.05.2023 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘impugned order’) passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge-I-cum-Special Judge, POCSO Act, Jamui (hereinafter referred to as the ‘learned trial court’) in POCSO Case No. 18 of 2021 arising out of Jhajha P.S. Case No. 205 of 2020.
4. By the impugned judgment, the learned trial court has held the accused-appellant guilty of commission of the offences punishable under Section 4(2) of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (in short ‘POCSO Act’) and Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code (in short ‘IPC’) and by the impugned order, the learned trial court has ordered that the appellant shall undergo a period of 20 years rigorous imprisonment and pay a fine of Rs.20,000/- for the offence punishable under Section 4(2) of the POCSO Act. In default of payment of fine, the convict shall further undergo simple imprisonment of three months. The fine so realised, shall be given to the victim under Section 357 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (in short ‘CrPC’). In view of Section 42 of the POCSO Act, the victim-appellant has been sentenced only under Section 4(2) of the POCSO Act. No separate sentence has been awarded for the offence punishable under Section 376 IPC.
Prosecution Case
5. The prosecution case is based on the written information furnished under the signature of the victim/prosecutrix on 01.07.2020 with respect to the alleged occurrence which took place on 29.06.2020 at 11:00 PM. In her written application (not exhibited), the victim alleged that when she was sleeping in her house, this appellant entered into her house and forcibly committed rape upon her. She claimed that she was a minor child. The accused-appellant threatened her that if she would disclose it to anyone then he would kill her and he would also kill her mother-father. In course of trial, the signature of the victim/prosecutrix and the signature of her father, who stood as a witness, on the application have been marked Exhibits ‘P-3/PW3’ and ‘P-1/PW1’ respectively.
6. On the basis of the aforesaid written application, Jhajha P.S. Case No. 205 of 2020 dated 01.07.2020 was registered under Section 376 IPC and Section 4 of the POCSO Act. After completion of investigation, police submitted a chargesheet bearing Chargesgeet No. 128 of 2021 against the accused on 30.04.2021. Cognizance of the offences was taken on 07.06.2021 and thereafter, the copy of the police papers were supplied to the accused.
7. In the trial court, the charges were explained to the accused in Hindi on 07.06.2021 which he denied and claimed to be tried. Accordingly, charges were framed under Section 4(2) of the POCSO Act and Section 376 IPC.
8. On behalf of the prosecution, altogether five witnesses were examined and some documentary evidences were brought on the record by way of exhibits. The list of the prosecution witnesses and the exhibits produced on behalf of the prosecution are mentioned hereinbelow in tabular form:-
List of Prosecution Witnesses
| PW-1 | Father of victim |
| PW-2 | Mother of victim |
| PW-3 | Victim |
| PW-4 | Raj Kumar Paswan |
| PW-5 | Dr. Kavita Singh |
List of Exhibits on behalf of Prosecution
| Exhibit P-1/PW1 | Signature of PW-1 on the written application |
| Exhibit P-2/PW2 | Signature of PW-2 on the statement under Section 164 CrPC |
| Exhibit P-3/PW3 | Signature of victim/informant on the written application |
| Exhibit P-4/PW3 | Signature of victim/informant on the statement under Section 164 CrPC |
| Exhibit P-5/PW5 | Medical report prepared by |
The conviction of the appellant was quashed due to insufficient and inconsistent evidence, demonstrating the necessity for reliable testimonies in criminal cases, especially under sexual offence laws....
The presumption under Section 29 of the POCSO Act requires foundational facts to be established; mere reliance on medical evidence without corroboration is insufficient for conviction.
The prosecution must prove foundational facts beyond reasonable doubt; reliance solely on the victim's testimony is insufficient if unsupported by corroborative evidence.
The testimony of a victim is sufficient for conviction in sexual assault cases if consistent and credible, reinforced by supporting evidence.
The court upheld the conviction based on the victim's credible testimony and medical evidence, affirming that under the POCSO Act, the burden shifts to the accused to rebut presumption of guilt.
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