IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
MOHIT KUMAR SHAH, SMT. SONI SHRIVASTAVA, JJ.
Raja Kumar Goswami Son of Late Kapil Goswami - Appellants
Versus
The State of Bihar - Respondents
CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No. 53 of 2020, CRIMINAL APPEAL (SJ) No. 5775 of 2019, CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No. 16 of 2020, CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No. 314 of 2020, CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No. 359 of 2020, CRIMINAL APPEAL (SJ) No.376 of 2020, CRIMINAL APPEAL (DB) No. 566 of 2021, CRIMINAL APPEAL (SJ) No.217 of 2020
Decided On : 17-02-2026
ndian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 302, 201, 120-B and 149 – Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 65B – Murder, disappearance of evidence and conspiracy – Common object – Conviction and sentence – Circumstantial evidence – Informant had not named any accused person whom he suspected to have killed his brother as also he had not disclosed names of accused persons who had hatched conspiracy and killed his brother – Circumstance of last seen has not stood proved – Place of occurrence has also not stood proved – CDR/SDR/CAF have not stood proved in absence of certification under Section 65B of Evidence Act – Circumstances emanating out of CDR/SDR/CAF of Mobile Phones of deceased and appellants are inconclusive and of no worth to prove guilt of appellants beyond all reasonable doubt – Even place of occurrence has not stood proved – Motive which is an important link in chain of circumstances, has not been proved – Extra-judicial confession does not inspire confidence so as to form sole basis for proving guilt of appellants beyond all reasonable doubt – Prosecution has failed to establish its case beyond all reasonable doubts – Judgment of conviction and order of sentence set aside – Appeals allowed. (Paras 40, 42, 43, 44, 52, 55 and 56)
Criminal Law – Circumstantial evidence – In a case based solely on circumstantial evidence, every incriminating circumstance must be fully proved and all circumstances must form a complete chain pointing only to guilt of accused and inconsistent with any hypothesis of innocence – Each link in chain of circumstances must be independently proved and collectively must lead to an irresistible conclusion of guilt – Any missing link in the chain would entitle accused to benefit of doubt – Conviction can be based solely on circumstantial evidence if circumstances so established are consistent only with hypothesis of guilt of accused and also conclusive in nature leaving no room of any hypothesis of innocence of accused in the alleged crime and entire chain of circumstances, is complete. (Paras 37, 38 and 54)
Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 27 [S. 23 of BSA, 2023] – Disclosure statement – So much of information received from accused person in custody of police, whether in nature of confession or otherwise, as related distinctly to fact thereby discovered, may be admissible – Not all information disclosed by a person in police custody is required to be proved as against accused person and only that part which distinctly relates to discovery of a fact is admissible and can be proved. (Para 47)
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 164 [S. 183 of BNSS, 2023] – Confession recorded under Section 164 Cr.P.C. is generally admissible as evidence and can be used to establish guilt but such confessional statement is not considered as a substantive piece of evidence on its own – It can only be used to corroborate or contradict statements made in Court and is generally considered only when it has been recorded after having complying with all mandatory provisions of Section 164 Cr.P.C. – Extra-judicial confession is considered to be a weak evidence by itself and same has to be examined with greater care and caution. (Para 50)
JUDGMENT :
MOHIT KUMAR SHAH, J.
The aforesaid appeals preferred under Section 374 (2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘CrPC’) arise out of the same judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 12.12.2019 and 13.12.2019 respectively, hence the aforesaid appeals have been heard together and are being disposed off by the present common judgment. By the said judgment of conviction dated 12.12.2019, passed by the Learned Additional District and Sessions Judge-1st, Jehanabad (herein after referred to as the ‘Ld. Trial Judge’) in Sessions Trial No. 76 of 2017/14 of 2017 (arising out of Jehanabad P.S. Case No. 296 of 2016), the appellants of the first, third and fourth case have been convicted under Sections 302/201/120(B) read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code (hereinafter referred to as the ‘IPC’) while the appellants of the second, fifth and sixth case have been convicted under Sections 201/120(B) read with Section 149 of the IPC. By the order of sentence dt. 13.12.2019, the appellants of the 1st, 3rd and 4th case have been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment (RI) for life under Sections 302/ 120(B) read with Section 149 of the IPC with fine of Rs. 10,000/- each and in default of payment of the same they have been further directed to undergo RI for one year each as also they have been sentenced to undergo RI for 5 years each under Sections 201/120(B) read with Section 149 of the IPC with fine of Rs. 5,000/- each and in default of payment of the same they have been further directed to undergo RI for six months each. Both the sentences have been directed to run concurrently. As far as the appellants of the 2nd, 5th and 6th case are concerned, by the order of sentence dt. 13.12.2019, they have been sentenced to undergo RI for five years each under Sections 201/120(B) read with Section 149 of the IPC with fine of Rs. 5,000/- each and in default of payment of the same they have been further directed to undergo rigorous imprisonment for six months each.
2. The short facts of the case as per the written report of the informant of the present case, namely Vidhi Kumar (PW-6), filed before the Officer-in-Charge Jehanabad Police Station is that on the previous day i.e. 22.06.2016, at about 08:00 p.m. in the night his brother Mantu Kumar aged about 33 years had told his wife Sheela Kumari (PW-4) that he has been called on telephone by Mithilesh Kumar for taking money, whereafter he had left the house, however when he did not return late in the night, his wife told the informant about the same, whereupon all the family members started searching for the said Mantu Kumar but he could not be found. The informant has further stated that the mobiles of Mantu Kumar bearing mobile nos. 8083588035 and 7091204544 were found to be switched off. He has also stated that when he had enquired from Mithilesh about his brother, he told him that he had to pay a sum of Rs. 25,000/- which he had given to Mantu Kumar near ICICI Bank, Jehanabad and then they had come up to Mallahchak More, whereafter the said Mantu Kumar had left on the pretext of purchasing vegetables, after which he cannot say about his whereabouts. The informant has next stated that his brother Mantu Kumar had left the house on a black colour Bajaj Pulsar motorcycle, whereafter he is missing. On the basis of the said written report of the informant, an FIR bearing Jehanabad P.S. Case No. 296 of 2016 was registered on 23.06.2016 at 10:30 am under Section 365 of the IPC against unknown persons.
3. The police had then conducted investigation and upon finding the case to be true had filed a charge sheet dated 30.09.2016 under Sections 302, 201, 120B, 467, 468 and 471 of the Indian Penal Code and under Section 66 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (hereinafter referred to as the “I.T. Act”) against the aforesaid six appellants. The learned Trial Court upon considering the chargesheet and the materials available on record had taken cognizan
The court held that mere suspicion is insufficient for a conviction; a complete chain of circumstantial evidence is required to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Provisions of Section 106 of Evidence Act itself are unambiguous and categoric in laying down that when any fact is especially within knowledge of a person, burden of proving that fact is upon him.
The court affirmed that circumstantial evidence, when established beyond reasonable doubt, can support convictions for murder and conspiracy, emphasizing the necessity of a complete chain of evidence....
The conviction of the appellants for murder and conspiracy was upheld based on circumstantial evidence, establishing a common intention to kill for financial gain through witchcraft.
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