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2023 Supreme(Cal) 1570

IN THE HIGH COURT OF CALCUTTA
AJOY KUMAR MUKHERJEE, J.
Vijay Kumar Dalmia - Petitioner
Versus
Ultra Tech Cement Ltd. & Anr. - Respondents
C.O. 4373 of 2016.
Decided on : 05-07-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Rahul Karmakar, Mr. Saunak Mukherjee, Mr. Sourav Guchhait

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure - Order VIII, Rule 1, Order IX & res judicata - Acceptance of written statement beyond statutory period - Trial court allowed written statement subject to payment of cost, concluding defendants' desire to contest should be realized to reach just outcome - High Court found no jurisdictional excess. (Paras 5, 10, 15, 17).

(B) Procedural justice principles - Rules of procedure serve as handmaids of justice, ensuring no party is unduly deprived of the opportunity to present their case. (Paras 12, 14, 15).

(C) Judicial discretion - Courts have the discretion to accept late filing if justified to avoid injustice. (Para 10).

Facts of the case:
The petitioner challenged a trial court’s order accepting a written statement filed 92 days late, arguing procedural errors and reliance on res judicata principles wrongly applied.

Findings of Court:
The trial court's rationale for accepting a late statement was within its jurisdiction.

Issues: Main issues were the proper interpretation of statutory timelines for written statements and the application of res judicata.

Ratio Decidendi: The court upheld that procedural rigor should not overshadow the principles of justice, allowing a late filing where justifiable.

Result: The revisional application dismissed, but expedited trial proceeding mandated.

Table of Content
1. details of the legal proceedings and history. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. petitioner argues procedural errors and delays. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
3. court's analysis on procedural rules and res judicata. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
4. discussion on justice and procedural discretion. (Para 13 , 14)
5. court affirms lower court's discretion in allowing late written statement. (Para 15)
6. final order dismissing the revision and urging expedited proceedings. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)

JUDGMENT :

Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee, J. - Affidavit-of-service filed by the learned Counsel appearing for the petitioner is taken on record.

2. The opposite parties are not represented.

3. Order being No. 15 dated September 19, 2016 passed by the learned Civil Judge (Junior Division), 1st Court, Serampore, Hooghly in Title Suit No. 570 of 2015 has been assailed by filing the present application.

4. By the impugned order learned Court below has been pleased to accept the written statement which was filed by the defendant beyond the statutory period.

5. Petitioner's case is that the petitioner filed the aforesaid suit along with a prayer for injunction. On November 17, 2015 the opposite party No. 1 had entered appearance in the said suit through his learned Advocate and prayed time to file written statement and written objection. On January 19, 2016 the opposite party No. 1 filed written objection against plaintiff's injunction application. The suit again came up for hearing on March 16, 2016 when the opposite party again filed a petition seeking adjournment to file written statement. But on that date learned Court below rejected the defendant's prayer for time to file written statement as statutory period for filing written statement was over and the Court below was further pleased to fix the next date for ex parte hearing of the suit against the defendant No. 1. On July 16, 2016 the opposite party No. 1 herein filed an application under section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure praying for setting aside the posting for ex parte hearing of the case against opposite party No. 1 and he also filed written statement on the same day. On September 19, 2016, by the impugned order the learned Court below allowed the defendant's prayer and accepted the written statement filed by the defendant subject to payment of cost of Rs. 1,500/-.

6. Mr. Rahul Karmakar, learned Counsel appearing for the petitioner submits that the Court below erred in law as well as in fact by making out a third case which was not the case of the parties. The Court below erred in not considering that summon of the suit was received by the opposite party No. 1 on 10th October, 2015 and the date of filing the written statement should be counted from that date under the provision of Order VIII Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The Court below also failed to consider that the defendant appeared in the suit after one month of service of summon without filing the written statement, though he filed written objection against the injunction application on January 19, 2016. In fact the Court below failed to appreciate that no cogent reason has been given by the defendant/opposite party as to what prevented him to file the written statement within statutory period.

7. Mr. Karmakar strenuously argued that the prayer for filing the written statement once rejected, subsequent filing of another application with prayer for setting aside the order of ex parte hearing, is barred by law. In fact impugned order for acceptance of written statement is hit by res judicata owing to the rejection of the application for extension of time to file written statement vide order dated March 16, 2016. In this context he relied upon paragraphs 7 and 8 of the decision in the case of Satyadhyan Ghosal and Ors. v. Deorajin Debi (Smt) and Anr., reported in (1960) SCR 590 and paragraph 11 of the decision in the case of U.P. State Road Transport Corporation v. State of U.P. and Anr. , reported in (2005) 1 SCC 444.

8. Accordingly, h

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