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1912 Supreme(Cal) 69

CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Coxe, J.
Karim Khan - Appellant
Versus
Salamuddi & Anr. and Jelakha Bibi - Respondent
Decided On : 29-01-1912

Headnote:

Guardianship - Sale of Property - Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 - Sections 29, 30, 64 - Voidable Sale - Representation of Minor - Civil Procedure Code - Section 440 - Benefit Received - Contract Act - Section 64 - - The court held that the sale of property by the guardian without the permission of the District Judge was voidable under Section 30 of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, as it contravened Section 29. The court also held that the representation of the minor by the plaintiff No. 1 was sufficient, despite the defective service of notice on the defendant No. 2, as she was aware of the proceedings and did not object. The court further held that the defendant No. 1 was not entitled to any special indulgence under Section 64 of the Contract Act, as he was aware of the guardian's status and deliberately disregarded the provisions of the Guardians and Wards Act.

Fact of the Case:

The defendant No. 2, the certified guardian of the plaintiffs Nos. 1 and 2, sold the property in suit to the defendant No. 1 without the permission of the District Judge. The plaintiffs sued to have the sale set aside and for recovery of possession.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the sale contravened Section 29 of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, and was therefore voidable under Section 30. The court also found that the representation of the minor by the plaintiff No. 1 was sufficient, despite the defective service of notice on the defendant No. 2, as she was aware of the proceedings and did not object. The court further found that the defendant No. 1 was not entitled to any special indulgence under Section 64 of the Contract Act, as he was aware of the guardian's status and deliberately disregarded the provisions of the Guardians and Wards Act.

Issues: Whether the sale of property by the guardian without the permission of the District Judge was valid. Whether the representation of the minor by the plaintiff No. 1 was sufficient. Whether the defendant No. 1 was entitled to any special indulgence under Section 64 of the Contract Act.

Ratio Decidendi: The sale of property by a guardian without the permission of the District Judge is voidable under Section 30 of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, as it contravenes Section 29. The representation of a minor by another person is sufficient if the guardian is aware of the proceedings and does not object. A person who deliberately disregards the provisions of the Guardians and Wards Act is not entitled to any special indulgence under Section 64 of the Contract Act.

Final Decision: The appeal was dismissed with costs.

JUDGMENT

Coxe, J. - I am concerned in this appeal with the interests of the plaintiffs Nos. 1 and 2. When they were minors, the defendant No. 2 was their certified guardian and she sold the property in suit, to the defendant No. 1 without the permission of the District Judge. The defendant No. 2 is the mother of the plaintiffs Nos. 1 and 2 and the defendant No. 1 is the brother of their father. The plaintiffs have now sued to have this sale set aside and for recovery of possession, and this has been decreed by the lower Appellate Court.

2. The defendant No. 1 appeals. On his behalf it has been argued that the sale benefited the minors and was a perfectly honest transaction and that the Court should have held that it was binding on them.

3. It is perfectly clear, however, that the sale contravened the provisions of Section 29 of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, and is, therefore, voidable u/s 30. The terms of the Section are perfectly simple and must necessarily be observed by the Courts.

4. Secondly, it is argued that the plaintiff No. 1 ought rot to have teen allowed to appear for the plaintiff J. o. 2. The plaintiff No. 2 is still a minor and the defendant No. 2 is still tie certified guardian and it is argued that the suit should fail u/s 440 of the old Civil Procedure Code.

5. The first Court, however, gave permission to the plaintiff No. 1 to appear for the plaintiff No. 2. The order runs as follows: "The defendant No. 2 is the certificated guardian of the plaintiffs Nos. 1 and 2. The plaintiff No 1 has become major and wants to act as the next friend of the plaintiff No. 2 on the ground that the defendant No. 2 has acted adversely to the interest of the minor. I grant his prayer."

6. It appears that notice of the application of the plaintiff No. 1 to appear for the plaintiff No. 2 was not served on the defendant No. 2 till very much later, if indeed it was served at all. On this point it's difficult: to reconcile the findings of the Munsif. In the order-sheet of the case he says that he cannot accept a certain petition as legal proof of the service of notice as proved u/s 410; but, from his judgment, it would seem that the legal proof of service was furnished when the arguments in the case had been heard. It is not disputed, however, that the defendant No. 2 was a party to the suit, nor is it alleged that she was unaware of the proceedings.

7. From Order No. 16 of the Munsif, it would appear that the defendant No. 2 contested a certain affidavit of the plaintiffs on the ground that the defendant No. 2 had left the station for home on the preceding day when the case was still going on. The defendant No. 2 was, therefore, clearly aware of the, suit and it is equally clear that she never objected to the representation of the plaintiff No. 2 by plaintiff No. 1, nor is there the least reason to suppose that she was unaware that she was acting on the 2nd plaintiff's behalf. That being so, and formal permission having been given, rightly or wrongly, by the Munsif to the plaintiff No. 1 to act for the plaintiff No. 2, I do not think it will be possible hereafter for the plaintiff No, 2 to contend that he was not properly represented, or to attack the decision in this case on that ground. The representation of the plaintiff No. 2, therefore, seems, in my opinion, to have been sufficient and if the service of formal notice on the defendant No. 2 was defective it can only be regarded, in the circumstances of the present case, as an unimportant irregularity. 1 may refer in this connection to the case of Midnipur Zamindari Co. Limited v. Gobinda Mahto 8 C.L.J. 31.

8. Thirdly, it has been argued that u/s 64 of the Contract Act, more should be given to the defendants than has been allowed by the learned District Judge. The sum of Ks. 100 was allowed, as that, was the sum received by the guardian of the minors. The learned Pleader for the appellant has been unable to show me what benefit, within the meaning of Section 64 other than this sum o

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