CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Gopal Chandra Bose - Appellant
Versus
Surendra Nath Dutt - Respondent
Appeal from Original Decree No. 320 of 1906
Decided On : 20-07-1908
Limitation - Suit for Recovery of Specific Moveable Property - Limitation Act, 1877 - Art. 49 - Wrongful Detention - Time Runs from Refusal to Deliver - [Limitation Act, 1877, Art. 49] - The court held that the suit for recovery of specific moveable property wrongfully detained falls under Art. 49 of the Limitation Act, 1877. The court further held that the time for limitation runs from the date when the defendant refused to deliver the notes on the plaintiff's demand, and that the fact that the defendant has unlawfully pledged the notes does not affect the plaintiff's right to three years' time from the date on which delivery was refused. The court relied on the decision in Wilkinson v. Verity L.R. 6 C.P. 206 (1871) to support its view.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff, executor of the will of Kula Kamini Dassi, sued the defendant for the recovery of government promissory notes worth Rs. 5,000. The plaintiff alleged that the notes were deposited with the defendant by the deceased before her death. The defendant denied the allegation and claimed that the notes came into his possession after the death of the testatrix. The lower court decreed the claim for the notes of Rs. 3,500 but held that the claim with respect to the notes of Rs. 1,500 was barred by limitation.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the notes for Rs. 1,500 came into the defendant's possession after the death of the testatrix and were not deposited by her. The court also found that the defendant had pledged the notes to a third person two years after the death of the testatrix. The court held that the suit for recovery of specific moveable property wrongfully detained falls under Art. 49 of the Limitation Act, 1877. The court further held that the time for limitation runs from the date when the defendant refused to deliver the notes on the plaintiff's demand, and that the fact that the defendant has unlawfully pledged the notes does not affect the plaintiff's right to three years' time from the date on which delivery was refused.
Issues: Whether the notes for Rs. 1,500 were deposited with the defendant by Kula Kamini Dassi before her death. Whether the suit for recovery of the notes falls under Art. 49 of the Limitation Act, 1877. Whether the time for limitation runs from the date when the defendant refused to deliver the notes on the plaintiff's demand.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the suit for recovery of specific moveable property wrongfully detained falls under Art. 49 of the Limitation Act, 1877. The court further held that the time for limitation runs from the date when the defendant refused to deliver the notes on the plaintiff's demand, and that the fact that the defendant has unlawfully pledged the notes does not affect the plaintiff's right to three years' time from the date on which delivery was refused. The court relied on the decision in Wilkinson v. Verity L.R. 6 C.P. 206 (1871) to support its view.
Final Decision: The court reversed the lower court's decision and held that the plaintiff was entitled to a decree for the whole sum of Rs. 5,000 with interest and costs.
JUDGMENT
1. The Plaintiff in this case is the executor of the Will of one Kula Kamini Dassi, who died in July 1898. It is pleaded that before her death she deposited Government Promissory Notes for Rs. 3,500 with the Defendant, and that after her death similar notes for Rs. 1,500, belonging to her estate, came into the hands of the Defendant, who has been repeatedly requested to return them but in vain. This suit in the form that it ultimately took was one for the recovery of those notes or, in the alternative, for their value. The Subordinate Judge has decreed the claim for the notes of Rs. 3,500, but has held that the claim with respect to the notes of Rs. 1,500 is barred by limitation. The Plaintiff appeals with respect to this portion of the suit.
2. It is first argued in appeal that the evidence shows that the notes for Rs. 1,500 were deposited with the Defendant by Kula Kamini Dassi before her death. It is sought to explain the allegation in the plaint that the notes came into the Defendant's hands after the death of the testatrix, by the assertion that the Plaintiff was a Subordinate Judge, who had to live at distant places, in the exercise of his duties, and was not in a position when he filed the plaint, to know the real facts. This excuse, however, is not convincing. The supposition that the notes were deposited before the death of Kula Kamini is based on a statement of the Plaintiff's daughter as, to the circumstances under which the notes came into the Defendant's hands. The Plaintiff's daughter is married to the Defendant's Bon, but has been living for the last five years in her father's house and it is evident from the correspondence that has been produced that she usually lived with her father. In these circumstance's it seems to us unreasonable to suppose that when he filed the plaint the Plaintiff should not have ascertained what took place in the presence of his daughter at the time of Kula Kamini's death six years before.
3. Nor does the statement on which the Appellant relies go very far. It is to the effect that 15 days before her death Kula Kamini made over the notes to the witness's husband who at the same time made them over to the Defendant. This statement may justify the inference that Kula Kamini probably was a party to the handing over of the notes to the Defendant, but a mere inference of probability will not avail against the positive statement in the plaint. Moreover it appears from Ex. 3, a letter written by the Defendant to the Plaintiff in December 1898, that the notes were not a deposit by Kula Kamini. In that letter he says: " There are Government promissory notes for Rs. 1,500 only. I shall take with me the numbers when I go. And during her life-time I took from her Government promissory notes of the nominal value of Rs. 3,500." At that time the parties were on good terms and the Defendant had evidently not conceived the idea of misappropriating the money. If the notes for Rs. 1,500 had been a deposit, like the notes for Rs. 3,500 he would doubtless have said so. We are satisfied that these notes came to the Defendant's hand after the death of the testatrix, as is stated in the plaint, and were not deposited by her. Accordingly the Appellant's first contention fails.
4. Secondly, it Is argued that the case falls under Art. 49 of the second schedule to the Limitation Act, 1877, being a suit for the recovery of specific moveable property, wrongfully detained. We think that this contention should prevail. It appears that two years after Kula Kamini's death, the Defendant pledged these notes to a third person. The learned Subordinate Judge has held that this article applies, but that as the possession of the Defendant was unlawful from the time of Kula Kamini's death the suit is barred, by time. It is argued that the time will run from the date when the Defendant refused to deliver the notes on the Plaintiff's demand, and that even the fact that the Defendant has unlawfully pledged the notes does n
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