1896 Supreme(Cal) 145
CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Sale, J.
P.G. Hill - Appellant
Versus
Administrator-General of Bengal - Respondent
Decided On : 12-03-1896
Headnote:
Succession - Husband's Right - Succession Act, 1865 - Sections 4, 44, 27, 43 - Domicile - Effect of Marriage - Right of Succession
Fact of the Case:
A husband with an English domicile married his wife in British India. The wife had a fund subject to her mother's life interest. After the wife's death, the husband claimed the entire fund, but the Administrator-General paid him only half, reserving the other half for the wife's next of kin. The dispute arose over the ownership of the remaining half share.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that Sections 4 and 44 of the Succession Act, 1865, do not apply to rights of succession, but rather to the immediate effect of marriage on moveable property. The court found that the husband's right to succeed to the entire fund was not affected by these sections and was instead governed by Sections 27 and 43 of the Act.
Issues: Whether Sections 4 and 44 of the Succession Act, 1865, apply to rights of succession, and if so, whether they affect the husband's right to inherit his wife's property.
Ratio Decidendi: The court reasoned that Sections 4 and 44 of the Succession Act, 1865, deal with the immediate effect of marriage on moveable property, not with rights of succession. The court further reasoned that applying these sections to succession would create an anomaly, as it would contradict other sections of the Act that recognize and regulate rights of succession between husband and wife.
Final Decision: The court held that Section 44 of the Succession Act, 1865, does not apply to the present claim and that the plaintiff (husband) is entitled to the whole of the fund.
JUDGMENT
Sale, J. - The plaintiff in this case claims the balance of a fund which belonged to his wife, and which is now in the hands of the defendant, the Administrator-General, as representing her estate, and he bases his claim upon his right of succession under the English law. It appears that the plaintiff and his wife were married in British India in 1872. The plaintiff then had, and still has, an English domicile. The wife was entitled to a certain fund, subject only to a life-interest therein on the part of her mother. In 1879 the wife died, leaving as her next of kin her mother and her brother, both of whom are now dead, and their estates are represented in this suit. Subsequent to the death of the mother payment of the fund was made to the defendant, the Administrator-General, as representing the estate of the wife. On the plaintiff preferring his claim to the entirety of the fund the Administrator-General made a payment to him on account of and in part satisfaction of a half share, but reserved the remaining half share, the question having arisen as to whether that half share ought to go to the plaintiff or to the next of kin of the deceased wife. On the assumption that at the date of the marriage the wife had a British Indian domicile, it has been contended on the part of the Administrator-General that the case is governed by Section 44 of the Succession Act, and that under that section the balance of the fund is payable to the next of kin of the wife and not to the plaintiff. The sections of the Succession Act relevant to the question, and to which sections it will be convenient to refer in groups, are the following:
2. Sections 4 and 44 of the Act form the first of these groups. Section 4 provides: "No person shall by marriage acquire any interest in the property of the person whom he or she marries, nor become incapable of doing any act in respect of his or her own property, which he or she could have done if unmarried."
3. Section 44 provides: "If a person whose domicile is not in British India marries in British India a person whose domicile is in British India, neither party acquires by the marriage any rights in respect of any property of the other party not comprised in a settlement made previous to the marriage which he or she would not acquire thereby if both were domiciled in British India at the time of the marriage."
4. The next group, Sections 27 and 43, relate to the rights of succession as between husband and wife. Section 27 provides: "Where the intestate has left a widow, if he has also left any lineal descendants, one-third of his property shall belong to his widow and the remaining two-thirds shall go to his lineal descendants according to the rules herein contained. If he has left no lineal defendants, but has left persons who are of kindred to him, one-half of his property shall belong to his widow and the other half shall go to those who are of kindred to him in the order, and according to the rules herein contained. If he has left none who are of kindred to him, the whole of the property shall belong to his widow." Section 43 provides that "the husband surviving his wife has the same rights in respect of her property, if she die intestate, as. the widow has in respect of her husband's property, if he die intestate."
5. It is, I presume, under Sections 27 and 43 that the right of the husband to succeed to a half share has been admitted by the Administrator-General.
6. Sections 5, 15 and 283 are the next group of sections to which it is necessary to refer. Section 5 provides that "succession to the Immovable property in British India of a person deceased is regulated by the law of British India, wherever he may have had his domicile at the time of his death. Succession to the moveable property of a person deceased is regulated by the law of the country in which he had his domicile at the time of his death."
7. Section 15 provides that "by marriage a woman acquires the domicile of her husband, if she h