CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Panton, J., Asutosh Mookerjee, J.
Manohar Mookerjee - Appellant
Versus
Raja Peary Mohan Mookerjee & Ors. - Respondent
Decided On : 24-07-1919
Trust - Debutter - [Section 92, CPC] - The court discussed the applicability of Section 92 of the CPC to private trusts, holding that it only applies to public trusts. The court found that the plaintiff, as the next presumptive shebait, had a sufficient interest to maintain the suit, even though he did not have a present interest in the debuttar estate.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff, a grandson of the founder of a private debuttar, sued for the administration of the trust estate, removal of the trustee, and declaration that an execution sale of a portion of the trust estate was invalid. The sale was purchased by the son of the trustee, who was also the shebait.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the purchase money for the sale was supplied by the shebait, and that the sale was not operative against the debuttar estate. The court also found that the shebait's conduct had been detrimental to the best interests of the debuttar estate and ordered his removal from the office of shebait.
Issues: The main issues were whether the plaintiff had the right to sue, whether the sale of the property was valid, and whether the shebait should be removed.
Ratio Decidendi: The court applied the principle that a trustee cannot purchase trust property from himself or at his own sale, even if the sale is held publicly by a court in execution of a decree. The court also held that the shebait's conduct, which involved a conflict of duty and self-interest, justified his removal.
Final Decision: The court allowed the plaintiff's appeal, declared the sale of the property invalid, and ordered the shebait's removal. The court also ordered the appointment of a receiver to manage the debuttar estate.
JUDGMENT
1. This is an appeal by the plaintiff in a suit for the construction of a Will, for the administration of a trust (private debuttar) created thereby, for the removal of the trustee, for the appointment of a new trustee or receiver, for declaration that an execution sale of a portion of the trust estate held on the 14th January 1913, when it was purchased by the son of the trustee was invalid and inoperative, for proper investment of a sum of Rs. 11,500 alleged to form part of the trust estate, and for other incidental reliefs. The Subordinate Judge has found in favour of the plaintiff upon several of the questions in controversy, but he has dismissed the suit on the ground that the allegations of misconduct have not been established and the plaintiff is not entitled to ask for the removal of the trustee. To appreciate the substantial points in dispute, between the parties (whose relation, ship will appear from the annexed genealogical table), it is necessary to consider briefly the history of the trust which, since its foundation, has formed the subject of many proceedings in Court.
JAGA MOHAN MUKHERJEE. Will--11-9-1840. : Death--18-9-1840.I ! | ||||||||||
Joy Krishna. Died 19-7-1888, ! | Raj Krishna. Died 1880, ! | Bejoy Krishna. Died 29-1-1894, ! | Nabo Krishna. Died 11-9-1890, ! | Nobin Krishna, deceased. Upendra Narain, defendant. ! | ||||||
Hara Mohan, deceased, ! | Raja Peary Mohan ,Defendant,! | Raj Mohan, deceased, ! | : | : | Protap Narain, defendant.! | Ram Narain, defendant. ! | Surja Narain, defendant. ! | Raj Narain, defendant. ! | ||
Rajendra deceased ! | Bhupendra, defendant. ! | Narendra, deceased, ! | Surendra, deceased, ! | Nagendra, deceased, ! | Satyendra, defendant. ! | Jatindra, defendant. ! | Dwijendra, defendant. ! | Bhupendra, defendant. ! | ||
: | : | : | : | : | Kalidas, defendant. ! | : | : | Debidas, defendant. ! | ||
Rash Behary, defendant. ! | Sivnarain, defendant. ! | Niladri, defendant ! | Bindhyadri, defendant ! | Himadri, defendant. ! | ||||||
Suresh, defendant. ! | Paresh, defendant. ! | Probal, defendant.! | Kamal Kumar, deceased, ! | Lalit Kumar, defendant. ! | Barendra Kumar, defendant. ! | Hemendra Kumar, defendant, ! | ||||
: | : | : | : | Panchugopal, defendant. ! | : | : | Tapas Kumar, defendant. ! | |||
Harihar, deceased, ! | Monohar Mukherjee, plaintifE. ! | Bisseswar, deceased, ! | : | Kassiswar, defendant. ! | ||||||
Rai Jyot Kumar Bahadur, defendant. : | : | : | Kalidas, defendant. | : | : | : | ||||
2. Jagomohan Mookerjee, the common ancestor of the parties to this suit, made a testamentary disposition of his properties on the 11th September 1840, and died a week later. By this Will, he dedicated certain properties to the sheva or worship of two Thakurs, Sridhar and Gopaleswar Siva, established by him, the annual celebration of the Durga Puja, the Sradh of ancestors, and other pious acts, such as the maintenance of childless widows, the construction of roads for public use and the excavation of tanks. The testator also provided for the order of succession to the office of shebait among his own descendants. The first shebaits were his eldest son, Jaykrishna Mookerjee and Haranath Chatterjee (not a member of the family). Haranath died on the 29th January 1862, and thereafter Jaykrishna continued as sole shebait till his death on the 19th July 1888. Rajkrishna who, according to the Will, was to have followed Jaykrishna had died in 1880. Consequently Jaykrishna was succeeded by his step-brother Nabakrishna who died on the 11th September 1890. On his death, the succession opened to his brother Bijaykrishna. Raja Peary Mohan, the second son of Jaykrishna opposed Bijaykrishna and threw every possible difficulty in the way of his obtaining possession of the debuttar estate and collecting the rents. After the usual preliminary contest in the Revenue and Criminal Courts, on the 10th June 1892, Bijaykrishna instituted a suit in the Court of the Subordinate Judge of Hughli to establish his title to the office of shebait under the Will of the founder, The suit was defended by the Raja, who denied the genuineness of the Will and the existence of the debuttar. On the 29th January 1894 the Subordinate Judge decreed the suit : an
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