The main legal point established in the judgment is the requirement for a proper trial, including a fair and balanced judge's charge to the jury and a proper summing up of the evidence.

JUDGMENT

C.C. Ghose, J. - This is a reference u/s 374, Criminal Procedure Code, the reference being numbered 4 of 1927. There is also an appeal by the accused which is numbered 208 of 1927. The accused was charged with having committed offences punishable under Sections 302 and 324, Indian Penal Code and the case for the prosecution shortly stated is as follows:

It appears that the accused has a younger brother named Kaseem. The latter had helped the accused for a long series of years in the cultivation of his lands, and it appears that by the profits of the successful cultivation of his lands other lands had been acquired. Kaseem, not unnaturally put forward a claim to a share in the acquired lands, but the accused was not prepared to admit Kaseem's claim. In the end the accused got dissatisfied; and shortly before the date of the occurrence he had separated from his brother and retained all the lands. There were therefore disputes between the brothers and their mother tried to intervene and bring about a settlement; of the same. The accused, however, proved obdurate and the mother told him that she would inform the elders of the village and would ask for their mediation. This apparently made the accused very angry. It appears that the accused immediately thereafter took a dao and struck his mother on the forehead with it. There were other wounds inflicted by the accused on the mother and as the result of the injuries the mother died. While the mother was being attacked Kaseem and his wife threw themselves at the feet of the accused and implored him to stop. Kaseem was attacked by the accused and he got very serious injuries. The wife of Kaseem was literally hacked to death by the accused, the injuries inflicted on her being no less than 21 in number. She was a little girl of 16 with a four months old child in her womb. She also died.

2. The accused was arrested by the police and sent up for trial. The trial was held by the learned First Additional Sessions Judge of Mymensingh and a jury. It appears from the learned Judge's charge to the jury that the learned Judge practically withdrew the case from the jury and told them in so many words that the case itself presented no difficulties whatsoever and that no reasonable man could have any doubt whatsoever that the accused had any intention other than that of killing his mother and his brother's wife, or at the very least, the intention of 'inflicting bodily injuries sufficient, in the ordinary course of things, to cause death. The learned Judge proceeded to refer to some of the exceptions to Section 300, Indian Penal Code; and in dealing with the charge u/s 324, Indian Penal Code, he observed that there could be no shadow of doubt that an offence u/s 324, Indian Penal Code, was committed by the accused against Kaseem and that the task of the jury was very simple. In dealing with the evidence in the case it appears that the learned Judge did nothing more than read out the evidence to the jury and finally in dealing with the points raised by the defence, he observed that they all seemed to be very trivial and beside the point. No doubt, in the beginning of the charge to the jury the learned Judge gave certain cautions to the jury but the charge taken as a whole is entirely one sided and the jury, having regard to the way in which the learned Judge summed up the case to them, could not but come to the conclusion that their function in this case was to register the opinion of the learned Judge. We regret to have to make this observation in a case of this description, but there can be no doubt that the jury were practically told that there was no use considering the matter from any point of view other than the point of view presented by the prosecution and that in the events which had happened, there was only one course open to them, viz., to bring in a verdict of guilty. In our opinion the charge of the learned Judge to the jury offends against the most elementary rules to be observe