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2026 Supreme(Cal) 13

IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
CHAITALI CHATTERJEE DAS, J.
Sanat @ Sonat Jana – Appellant
Versus
The State of West Bengal and Another – Respondents
CRA No. 345 of 2015
Decided On : 18-05-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Somopriyo Chowdhury, Anamika Pandey
For the Respondents: Debasish Roy, Anand Keshari

The prosecution must establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt. Where witness testimony is marred by inconsistencies, lacks corroboration, and fails to reconcile ocular evidence with medical reports, the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction, particularly when investigative procedural lapses and documentation failures persist.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 323, 353 and 307 - Prosecution for assaulting a public servant - Burden of proof resting upon the prosecution to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt - Cardinal principle of criminal jurisprudence requiring reliable evidence - When witness testimony suffers from discrepancies or lacks credible corroboration, it is unsafe to rely upon such evidence to sustain a conviction (Paras 12, 14, 20).

(B) Evidence of injured victim - Weightage of testimony - Testimonial evidence of an injured witness, while entitled to higher weightage, must be of sterling quality to inspire confidence; it does not absolve the prosecution from the primary burden of proof (Para 15).

(C) Investigating lapses - Failure to produce official records, such as general diary entries, and the non-seizure of the alleged weapon, combined with contradictions between ocular evidence and medical reports, creates reasonable doubt in the prosecution case (Paras 13, 15, 18, 19).

Facts of the case:
The appeal arises from a conviction for assault against a public servant. The complainant, a police officer on duty, alleged he was attacked with a weapon while visiting a market area. The trial court recorded a conviction based on the complainant's statement and the injury report. The appellant challenged the judgment, citing contradictions between medical testimony and the nature of the alleged weapon, the failure to recover the weapon, and the lack of official corroboration for the complainant's presence at the scene.

Findings of Court:
The court found significant inconsistencies in the prosecution's narrative. Essential investigative documents were not produced, the medical injuries could not be conclusively linked to the alleged heavy weapon, and significant contradictions appeared regarding the documentation and the witnesses present. The testimony of the injured witness lacked the quality to support a conviction given the procedural failures.

Issues: Whether the prosecution established the guilt of the accused beyond all reasonable doubt and whether the testimony of the injured complainant was sufficient to sustain the conviction in the absence of corroborative evidence.

Ratio Decidendi: In criminal cases, the prosecution must establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt. Where significant gaps exist—specifically failing to reconcile medical evidence with the alleged weapon, failing to verify the location of duty through official records, and internal inconsistencies in witness statements—the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction.

Result: Appeal allowed; convictions set aside; appellant acquitted.

Table of Content
1. factual background and procedural history of the conviction (Para 1 , 2)
2. summary of rival contentions and prosecution vs defense arguments (Para 3 , 4)
3. critical evaluation of witness reliability and evidentiary credibility (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
4. establishing burden of proof and legal requirements for section 307 ipc (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
5. reconciliation of medical vs ocular evidence and failure of proof (Para 18 , 19)
6. final acquittal order due to failure to prove guilt beyond doubt (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)

JUDGMENT :

CHAITALI CHATTERJEE DAS, J.

1. Assailing the judgement and order of conviction passed by the Learned Additional Session Judge, 18th Court, Alipore, 24 Parganas South on May 22,2015 and June 2, 2015 in Sessions Trial no. 05(02)09, whereby the appellant is convicted for the offence committed under Section 323/353 and Section 307 IPC and sentenced to suffer Simple imprisonment for a term of 3 years with fine of Rs. 500 for the offence punishable under Section 323 of the Indian Penal Code, for 2 years with fine of Rs. 500/- for the offence punishable under Section 353 of the Indian Penal Code and Simple imprisonment for 3 years and 3 months with fine of Rs. 1000/- for the offence punishable under Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code has been .

Brief Resume of the Case

2. A complaint was lodged by constable 722 Binod Kumar working at D.E.B 24 Parganas South, on February 5, 2006 around 5 P.M. in connection with the investigation of a case when he with D.E.O. went to a shop of Mahadeb Mondal at Bakrahat Kirtankhola market. At the time the adjacent VCD shops owner Sanat Jana informed the complainant about the other VCD shops running illegally dealing with Dirty VCD business and requested him to visit those shops and when the complainant proceeded followed by him, suddenly Sanjay Jana assaulted on his head from his back and before he could resist him by holding his hand the appellant assaulted with the hammer on his forehead and upper part of his eye and then he fled away. On hearing his shouting Mahadeb Mondal, Sahadeb Sahu all rushed there and rescued the complainant from Sanat Jana and thereafter his D.E.O. Kartick Chandra Bhomick the auto driver Balaram Gyen reached there and then he was taken to local Muchisa Hospital for the purpose of treatment where the wounds were stitched on the upper part of his right eye and backside of his with an advice to do a scan and also to prescribed medicine. He also submitted his injury report and his blood stained wearing apparels along with this complaint to the Police Station. On the basis of the said complaint Bishnupur P.S.case no. 25/5/2006 under Section 325/326/353/186 stared against the present appellant and on completion of investigation submitted the charge sheet incorporating Section 307 of Indian Penal Code. The Learned Court framed the charge under Section 325/353/186/307 of the Indian Penal Code against the present appellant and the said charge was read over and explained to him to which he pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. Hence the trial commenced.

Submissions

3. The Learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant submits that the appellant was falsely implicated in this case which is apparent from the entire facts and circumstances narrated by the de facto complainant who is Police Officer. There was no recovery of offending weapon as stated in the complaint there are contradictory statement adduced by the witnesses which is not tallying with the case of the de facto complainant. It is further argued that from the nature of allegation levelled it is clear that he went to the spot along with his D.E.O. for the purpose of investigation of a different case and only on the request of the present appellant he went to visit to the other shops. There is absolutely no mens rea and it is improbable that suddenly a shop owner would assault a Police Officer. It is further argued the presence of D.E.O is questionab

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