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2025 Supreme(Chh) 270

IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
RAJANI DUBEY, AMITENDRA KISHORE PRASAD, JJ.
Manish Soni S/o Manindra Rai – Appellant
Versus
State of Chhattisgarh – Respondent
CRA Nos. 821, 1161 of 2014
Decided On : 17-10-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Indira Tripathi, Fouzia Mirza, Ali Afzal Mirza
For the Respondent: Ajay Pandey

The reliability of an eyewitness is paramount, and without corroboration, their testimony cannot solely sustain a conviction in criminal jurisprudence.

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 374(2) - Appeals filed against conviction for causing grievous hurt resulting in death - Conviction based on eyewitness testimony proved unreliable due to significant contradictions and lack of corroborative evidence. (Paras 8, 11, 21, 31)

(B) Dying declaration - Essentials for a reliable dying declaration discussed - Court ruled that dying declaration must be corroborated to ensure its reliability and truthfulness. (Paras 22, 24, 28)

Facts of the case:
The appellants assaulted Avinash Pandey, leading to his death after claiming he was injured in a road accident. Testimonies by key witnesses were inconsistent and undermined the prosecution's case. (Paras 3, 11)

Findings of Court:
The prosecution failed to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt. The evidence from medical examination aligned with a road accident rather than a murder. Witness credibility was substantially diminished. (Paras 31, 32)

Issues: Whether the appellants caused the death of the deceased, and whether the dying declaration provided reliable evidence. (Paras 11, 12)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the significance of reliable witnesses and corroborated evidence, rejecting the conviction based on untrustworthy eyewitness testimony. (Paras 21, 31)

Result: Appeals allowed. The judgment of conviction and order of sentence set aside.

Table of Content
1. two appeals heard together from same judgment. (Para 1 , 2)
2. facts of the case regarding the alleged assault and investigation. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. appellants argue lack of evidence and claim it was an accident. (Para 8)
4. state supports conviction with claims of strong evidence. (Para 9)
5. court considers central question regarding authorship of crime. (Para 10 , 11)
6. witness credibility and evidence reliability assessed. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
7. doubts raised over eyewitness reliability and dying declarations. (Para 21 , 22)
8. final assessment on prosecution's failure to prove guilt. (Para 31 , 32)
9. conclusion resulting in acquittal of appellants. (Para 34 , 35 , 36)

JUDGMENT :

AMITENDRA KISHORE PRASAD, J.

1. Since both the above-captioned appeals arise out of the same impugned judgment of conviction and order of sentence, they are being heard together and disposed of by this common judgment.

2. In these appeals filed under Section 374(2) Cr.P.C. the appellants have challenged the legality, validity and propriety of the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 22.08.2014 passed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court, Mahasamund, C.G. in Sessions Trial No.92/2013, whereby and whereunder, the appellants stand convicted and sentenced as under:-

(All sentences were directed to run concurrently)

3. Case of the prosecution, in brief, is that on 11.06.2013, at about 10:00 p.m., near the FCI Godown, Bagbahara, the accused persons, forming an unlawful assembly with the common object of causing grievous hurt to Avinash Pandey, assaulted him with sticks, inflicting severe injuries which later led to his death. In order to conceal the offence, the accused persons allegedly lodged false information at Police Station Bagbahara, claiming that Avinash had met with a road accident. It is alleged that, on the date of the incident, Avinash Pandey and Mukesh Sharma were returning from Bagbahara when they were intercepted near the FCI Godown by the accused persons, namely Vishwajeet Rai, Sunny Rai, Sontu, Ravi Chandrakar, Ravi Khare, Manish Soni, and two employees of Vishwa Dhaba. The accused persons allegedly assaulted Avinash with sticks, due to which, Avinash sustained grievous injuries over his body, while Mukesh managed to escape. On the same night, a Rojnamcha Sanha was made at the police station and injured- Avinash was sent for medical examination where PW-5 Dr. L.L. Dhankar examined him and gave his MLC report vide Ex.P-5. Later, injured-Avinash’s statement was recorded, on the basis of which, FIR (Ex.P-19) was registered against the accused persons.

4. During the course of investigation, a spot map (Ex.P-2) was prepared. Memorandum statements of accused- Tukesh alias Patwari and accused- Sunny Rai were recorded vide Exs. P-11 & 12, pursuant to which, two sticks made of Karra wood were recovered at their instance vide Exs. P-13 & P-14. Seized articles were sent to FSL for chemical examination and as per FSL report (Ex.P-33), no blood has been found on the seized wooden sticks marked as Articles ‘A & B’. During investigation, a white Maruti Alto car bearing registration No.CG-06E-0486 was also seized vide Ex. P-4. The statement of Mukesh Sharma, the companion and eye-witness to the incident was recorded before the Magistrate under Section 164 of the Cr.P.C. Further, in respect of the unnatural death of deceased- Avinash Pandey, a Merg Intimation (Ex.P-20) was recorded at Police Station Bagbahara and inquest proceedings were conducted vide Ex.P-3 and dead body of deceased was subjected to postmortem examination and PW-6 Dr. S.K. Bagh conducted the postmortem of the deceased and gave PM report vide Ex.P-7. According to him, cause of death of deceased was due to cardio-respiratory failure as a result of multiple injuries and their complications. After that, the statements of witnesses were recorded.

5. After due investigation, appellants were charge-sheeted before the jurisdictional cri

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