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2020 Supreme(Del) 749

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Jayant Nath, J.
Mahua Bindal & Ors. - Appellant
Versus
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University & Ors. - Respondent
Writ Petition (Civil) No. 2941 of 2020
Decided On : 30-07-2020

Advocates Appeared:
Samar Bansal, Advocate, Devahuti Pathak, Advocate, Sachin Mishra, Advocate, Anita Sahani, Advocate, Ramesh Singh, Advocate, Tara Narula, Advocate, Aparajita Sinha, Advocate, Bhawna Kataria, Advocate, T. Singhdev, Advocate, Michelle B Das, Advocate, Apoorv Kurup, Advocate, Nidhi Mittal, Advocate, Ajay Digpaul, Advocate, Krishnan Venugopal, Advocate, Shivendra Singh, Advocate

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 14 - Writ Petition challenging university's policy of reserving State Quota for its MBBS graduates - Petitioners argued allocation violates constitutional principles of equality and due process. (Paras 1-6)

(B) Relevant Supreme Court judgments - Institutional preference in postgraduate medical admissions recognized, but must align with fairness - Respective powers of universities vs. state authority in seat allocation clarified as paramount. (Paras 19-22)

(C)

Findings of Court:
The court found no legal basis for university's actions in monopolizing State Quota; existing policies were arbitrary and unjustifiable under Article 14. (Paras 48-49)

(D)

Issues: 1) Legitimacy of university's institutional preference policy; 2) Authority to reserve postgraduate seats; 3) Fairness and equal treatment under Article 14. (Paras 3-6, 10-14) (E)

Ratio Decidendi: The court reaffirmed that institutional preference cannot exceed 50% of total available seats and must facilitate equal opportunity among graduates from different universities. (Paras 20-22) (F)

Result: Writ petition dismissed. (Para 47) (G) Parties: Petitioners (MBBS graduates from private university); Respondents (University and State Government)

Table of Content
1. challenge to the policy of state quota allocation (Para 1)
2. background of the petitioners and admission processes (Para 2 , 3)
3. contentions regarding institutional preference and constitutional principles (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
4. arguments by the government and other respondents (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
5. rejoinder arguments from petitioners (Para 17 , 18)
6. analysis on significant supreme court judgments (Para 19)
7. saurabh chaudri and yatinkumar patel judgments analyzed (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
8. historical context of similar pleas in prior rulings (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
9. summary of rejected contentions in previous cases (Para 27 , 28 , 29)
10. arguments on binding precedent and judicial propriety (Para 30 , 31)
11. rejection of petitioners' arguments on binding nature of judgments (Para 32 , 33 , 34)
12. court's authority on institutional preference as per supreme court (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38)
13. final determination of petition's merit (Para 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46)
14. dismissal of the petition (Para 47)

JUDGMENT

Jayant Nath, J. - This writ petition is filed by the petitioners seeking the following reliefs:-

    "(i) DECLARING policy of Respondent No. 1 University of allocating entire 50% State Quota of Post Graduate Medical College seats to MBBS graduates from colleges affiliated only to itself by way of ''Institutional Preference'' as violative of Article 14 of the Constitution and being without authority of law;

    (ii) DIRECTING Respondent No. 1 University to amend its Admissions Guidelines / Brochure for Academic Year 2020-21 without reserving entire 50% State Quota only for graduates of colleges affiliated to itself by way of ''Institutional Preference'', as was done in previous Academic Years and allowing HIMSR MBBS Graduates in the State-wise Merit List;

    (iii) DIRECTING Respondent No. 2 State Government to frame appropriate guidelines to ensure that all MBBS students from State and Deemed Universities in Delhi are given adequate opportunity to avail of 50% State Quota in Post Graduate Medical Courses on the basis of State Wide Merit List, that includes HIMSR students, and no University is permitted to monopolise entire State Quota only for its own students;"

2. The petitioners are MBBS graduates and students from Jamia Hamdard University/respondent No. 4 which is said to be an institute of eminence which offers courses at undergraduate, postgraduate and postdoctoral level in medical and allied subjects. The undergraduate course for the first batch of MBBS students started in July 2012 and the students passed out in 2017.

3. It is further pointed out that admission to postgraduate medical courses in India is made from two sources: (i) 50% seats are filled up on the basis of the marks obtained in NEET in which medical graduates from across the country are eligible to appear and (ii) 50% seats are filled up on the basis of rules to be framed in accordance with the law by the State Government or appointed authority limited to students who have appeared in NEET which is also called "State Quota". It is stated that the present writ petition relates to "State Quota". It is further pointed out that a question arose that whether "Institutional Preference", namely the right of an institution offering postgraduate courses to reserve such seats for undergraduate students from colleges affiliated to itself, can be permitted to be exercised while deciding manner of allocation of 50% seats of State Quota. It is further pointed out that following the judgments of the Supreme Court in the case of Saurabh Chaudri v. Union of India , (2003) 11 SCC 146 and Yatinkumar Jasubhai Patel v. State of Gujarat , (2019) 13 Scale 523 , it is now settled that even after introduction of NEET, the State Government or its appointed Authority has the power to reserve the entire 50% State Quota on the basis of Institutional Preference. However, it is pleaded that following well established constitutional princ

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