IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Prathiba M. Singh, J.
Omkar Realtors And Developers Private Limited – Appellant
Versus
Adjudicating Authority, Prevention of Money Laundering Through Its Registrar – Respondent
W.P.(C) 11473 of 2022 and CM APPL. 33900 of 2022, 2544 of 2023
Decided On : 16-02-2023
PMLA - Setting aside/quashing of Provisional Attachment Order - Section 5(1) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 - 2(1)(u), 3, 4, 8, 44(1)(a)&(c) of PMLA - Summary of Acts and Sections: The court discussed the legal provisions of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, including Section 5(1), 2(1)(u), 3, 4, 8, and 44(1)(a)&(c), and their interpretations. The court emphasized that for the existence of 'proceeds of crime' under Section 2(1)(u) of the PMLA, the existence of a criminal complaint pending enquiry and/or trial would be necessary. Further, if the person in question has been finally discharged or acquitted of the scheduled/predicate offence, there can be no offence of money laundering against the said person. The court also highlighted the procedural safeguards provided in respect of provisional attachment and the consequences of failure of prosecution for the scheduled offence.
Fact of the Case:
The petition was filed seeking setting aside/quashing of the Provisional Attachment Order (PAO) dated 14th January, 2022 passed by the Directorate of Enforcement (ED) under Section 5(1) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). The petitioner also sought the release of the attached property under the impugned PAO. The petitioner argued that the impugned PAO would no longer be valid considering the closure report in the case filed in the predicate offence and accepted by the Special Court under PMLA, Greater Bombay, and the discharge orders issued in the ED case. The respondents contested, stating that the matter may be adjourned as the ED has challenged the order by which the company has been discharged by the Special Court under the PMLA.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the PAO deserves to be quashed in view of the legal position as held in the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court and the recent decision of the High Court. The court set aside the PAO and ordered the release of the properties of the petitioner, with liberty granted to the ED to seek revival of the PAO in accordance with law if there is any change in the circumstances.
Issues: The main issue was the validity of the Provisional Attachment Order (PAO) dated 14th January, 2022 passed by the Directorate of Enforcement (ED) under Section 5(1) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), and the release of the attached property under the impugned PAO.
Ratio Decidendi: The court's decision was based on the legal position as held in the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court and the recent decision of the High Court, emphasizing that for the existence of 'proceeds of crime' under Section 2(1)(u) of the PMLA, the existence of a criminal complaint pending enquiry and/or trial would be necessary. Further, if the person in question has been finally discharged or acquitted of the scheduled/predicate offence, there can be no offence of money laundering against the said person.
Final Decision: The Provisional Attachment Order (PAO) dated 14th January, 2022 passed by the ED was set aside, and the properties of the petitioner were ordered to be released, with liberty granted to the ED to seek revival of the PAO in accordance with law if there is any change in the circumstances.
In the case discussed, the court emphasized that the attachment of properties under PMLA is contingent upon the existence of a scheduled offence and the ongoing criminal proceedings related to that offence. Specifically, if the scheduled offence has been finally discharged, acquitted, or closed by the competent court, and there is no pending criminal enquiry or trial, then the attachment of properties, including ancestral property, would no longer be valid or permissible.
The court clarified that once the proceedings related to the scheduled offence are closed and the accused are discharged or acquitted, the basis for attaching properties, including ancestral properties, ceases to exist. This is because the attachment is fundamentally linked to the existence of proceeds of crime derived from a scheduled offence, which must be legally established and pending.
Therefore, in the context of the case, the court held that ancestral properties cannot be validly attached under PMLA if the underlying scheduled offence has been conclusively closed and the persons involved have been discharged or acquitted, indicating that the attachment is not sustainable in such circumstances.
JUDGMENT
Prathiba M. Singh, J. (Oral)
1. This hearing has been done through hybrid mode.
2. The present petition has been filed by M/s Omkar Realtors and Developers Private Limited seeking setting aside/quashing of the Provisional Attachment Order No. PAO/MBZO-II/1/2022 (hereinafter 'PAO') dated 14th January, 2022 passed by the Directorate of Enforcement (ED) under Section 5(1) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (hereinafter 'PMLA'). The present petition also seeks the release of the attached property under the impugned PAO.
3. The present case was first listed on 2nd August, 2022 when Mr. Anurag Ahluwalia, Ld. Counsel for the Respondents made a preliminary objection with regards to the maintainability of the petition on the ground of lack of territorial jurisdiction. The said preliminary objection was rejected, placing reliance on order dated 2nd June, 2022 passed in W.P. (C) 6354/2022 titled 'M/S Incred Financial Services Ltd. vs. Deputy Director, Directorate of Enforcement'. In addition, on the said date, status quo was directed. The relevant extract of the order directing status quo is extracted as under:
6. Till the next date of listing, the respondent shall stand restrained from taking further steps as contemplated under Section 8 of Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. The petitioner shall also stand restrained from disposing of or creating any third party rights or encumbering the property which forms subject matter of the provisional order of attachment.
4. Thereafter, on 19th January, 2023, ld. Counsel for the Petitioner informed the Court that the closure report in the case has been filed in the predicate offence and accepted by the Special Court under PMLA, Greater Bombay. Even discharge orders have been issued in the ED case as well. In response to this submission, the ld. Counsel for the Respondents requested for time to seek instructions from the Directorate of Enforcement.
5. Today, all the ld. Counsels for the parties have made their submissions.
6. The case of the Petitioner is that the impugned PAO would no longer be valid and would have to be set aside as orders, considering the position that orders have now been passed by the Special Court under the PMLA, Greater Bombay whereby the proceedings against the Petitioner, its directors, and shareholders in the scheduled offense as also the offense under the PMLA have been closed. Ld. Counsels for the Petitioners have relied on the orders dated 24th August, 2022 passed by the Special Court under the PMLA, Greater Mumbai by which two of the directors/shareholders of the Petitioner Company, namely, Sh. Babulal Mulchand Varma and Sh. Kamalkishor Gokalchand Gupta have been discharged.
7. It is further submitted that pursuant to this order of discharge, the Special Court under the PMLA vide its order dated 18th October, 2022 has also discharged the Petitioner-Company- M/s Omkar Realtors and Developers Private Limited. The submission on behalf of the Petitioner relying upon the judgments in Vijay Madanlal Choudhary & Ors. v. UOI & Ors., 2022 SCC OnLine SC 929 and the recent judgment of this Court in order dated 10th January, 2023 in EMTA Coal Limited and Ors. v. The Deputy Director of Directorate of Enforcement, 2023/DHC/000277 is that the present impugned PAOs can no longer continue and the same deserve to be quashed. Ld. Senior Counsel for the Petitioner also places reliance on the order of the Supreme Court in W.P.(C) 368/2021 titled Indrani Patnaik & Anr. v. Enforcement Directorate and Ors.
8. Mr. Anurag Ahluwalia, ld. CGSC on the other hand submits that the matter may be adjourned and not be disposed of at this stage as the Enforcement Directorate has challenged the order dated 18th October, 2022 by which the company has been discharged by the Special Court under the PMLA. He submits that the same is pending in revision before the Bombay High Court.
9. The Court has considered the submissions of the parties. A perusal of the impugned PAO
The discharge or acquittal of the accused in the scheduled offence has consequences on the money laundering proceedings under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act.
Prosecution under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 is not sustainable without a registered scheduled offence, as established by the Supreme Court in Vijay Madanlal Choudhary.
The Prevention of Money Laundering Act proceedings are independent of the predicate offence and must proceed without delay, reflecting the urgency in addressing economic crimes.
Proceedings under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act are independent and can be based on continuing laundering activities, regardless of the scheduled offence's date of commission.
Money-laundering is a continuing offence, so long as tainted property is enjoyed, possessed, orprojected as untainted.
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