IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
C. Hari Shankar, J.
Krishna Kishore Singh – Appellant
Versus
Sarla A Saraogi & Ors. – Respondents
CS(COMM) 187 of 2021, I.A. 10551 of 2021 & I.A. 14436 of 2021
Decided On : 11-07-2023
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. establishment of plaintiff's rights and claims. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4) |
| 2. invocation and interpretation of previous orders. (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9) |
| 3. arguments regarding rights of privacy and publicity. (Para 15 , 16) |
| 4. court's observations on nature of the film. (Para 17 , 18) |
| 5. legal principles regarding privacy rights and free speech. (Para 20 , 21 , 22) |
| 6. conclusion and dismissal of the injunction application. (Para 23 , 24 , 25) |
JUDGMENT
C. Hari Shankar, J.
I.A. 10551/2021 (under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 of the CPC)
FACILITATIVE INDEX
| S.No. | Content | Para Nos. |
| 1 | Facts | 1 - 13 |
| 2 | Extent to which judgement dt 10 June 2021 of learned Single Judge in IA 5697/2021 is required to be taken into account | 14 - 14.10 |
| 3 | Rival Contentions, | |
| 4 | Opening submissions of Mr Varun Singh | 15 - 15.9 |
| 5 | Submissions by Mr Lall in reply | 16 - 16.10 |
| 6 | Submissions of Mr Varun Singh in rejoinder | 17 - 17.1 |
| 7 | Analysis, | |
| 8 | Is the movie actually a re-enactient of SSR`s life and history - Value of disclaimer | 18 - 18.11 |
| 9 | Rights of privacy, publicity and personality | 19 |
| 10 | R. Rajagopal | 19.4 - 19.4.9 |
| 11 | Khushwant Singh | 19.5 - 19.5.4 |
| 12 | Titan Industries | 19.6 - 19.6.4 |
| 13 | I.C.C. Development | 19.7 |
| 14 | Deepa Jayakumar | 19.8 - 19.8.7 |
| 15 | The Takeaway | 20 |
| 16 | Applying the law to the facts | 21.1 - 21.5 |
| 17 | A few remaining points | 22 |
| 18 | Celebrity rights | 22.1 - 22.1.4 |
| 19 | Right to free trial | 22.2 |
| 20 | Passing off | 22.3 |
| 21 | Conclusion | 23 - 25 |
Facts
1. The plaintiff is the father of Sushant Singh Rajput ('SSR', hereinafter), an actor who debuted in Bollywood in 2009 and met an untimely end on 14 June 2020. The circumstances in which SSR breathed his last remain murky, and the dust is still to settle.
2. In or around 19 March 2021, the plaintiff instituted the present suit by way of a quia timet action. The suit was predicated on information stated to have been received by the plaintiff to the effect that Defendants 1 and 2 were in the process of producing, and Defendant 3 in the process of directing, a movie based on the life of SSR, without taking the permission of any of his legal representatives, including the plaintiff. The plaintiff contended that SSR did not leave, behind him, any Class I heir and that the plaintiff was the sole surviving legal heir in Category I of the Class 2 legal heirs of SSR. The suit sought a decree of permanent injunction, restraining the defendants and all others from using SSR`s name, caricature or lifestyle in any projects or films without the prior permission of the plaintiff, alleging that any such effort would infringe the personality rights of SSR and also cause deception in the minds of the public, which would amount to passing off. Additionally, costs and damages were also sought.
3. Along with the suit, the plaintiff filed IA 5697/2021, seeking an interlocutory injunction against the defendants using SSR`s name, caricature, lifestyle or likeness in any films or other ventures, pending disposal of the suit.
4. IA 5697/2021 was dismissed by a coordinate bench of Sanjeev Narula, J., vide judgment dated 10 June 2021. Para 43 of the said judgment, which is of relevance, reads thus:
"43. On the aspect of irreparable loss, we may note that the suit is not premised as a tortious action for defamation. It is founded on the basis of breach of celebrity/publicity rights inhering to the Plaintiff. It is thus opined that if an interim order is granted, it would be difficult to compensate the Defendants in the event Plaintiff ultimately does not succeed in the suit. Whereas, the Plaintiff can always re-apply at a later juncture for injunction, if there is a change in circumstances after the release of the said film, and has an adequate remedy of being compensated by award of damages, if the Plaintiff proves in trial that the celebrity/publicity rights were inheritable and inured to him exclusively. To ensure that, the Defendants are directed to render complete and true accounts of the revenue earned from the films by way of sale/licensing of all rights relating to the films."
5. Aggrieved by the aforesaid judg
Sushant Singh Rajput Actor – Suit for protecting the reputation, privacy and rights of deceased son - Film on actor being publicized and promoted since August, 2020 – Plaintiff’s action belated – Pet....
The court found that posthumous publicity rights of celebrities do not exist under Indian law, as such rights are inherently linked to the right to privacy, which ceases upon death.
The right to privacy of an individual extinguishes with death and is not inheritable.
The judgment emphasizes the inherent nature of the right to privacy as a common law right and its relationship with the Constitution of India. It highlights the balance between the right to privacy a....
The judgment established the importance of an existing work for claiming copyright, the limitations on assignment of copyright, and the conditions for commercial exploitation of privacy rights under ....
The unauthorized use of a celebrity's name and personality attributes for commercial purposes constitutes an infringement of personality rights, warranting injunctive relief.
The enforceability of personality and publicity rights protects against unauthorized commercial exploitation of a public figure's name, affirming that such names can constitute intellectual property.
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