IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
J.C. DOSHI, J.
Deepakbhai Hasrajbhai Savaliya – Appellant
Versus
State Of Gujarat & Ors. – Respondent
R/Criminal Revision Application No. 474 of 2004 With Criminal Misc.Application (For Direction) No. 1 of 2015 In R/Criminal Revision Application No. 474 of 2004
Decided on : 24-04-2024
Criminal Procedure - Acquittal - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - 397, 401 - 7, 223, 304 - The court discussed the scope of revisional jurisdiction and the principles of circumstantial evidence as established in the cases of Vimal Singh Vs. Khuman Singh, Sharad Birdhichand Sarda Versus State Of Maharashtra, and Ballu @ Balram @ Balmukund Versus State Of Madhya Pradesh. The court emphasized that the circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be fully established and consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused. It also highlighted that the suspicion, however strong it may be, cannot take the place of proof beyond reasonable doubt. The court found no merit in the petition and dismissed it.
Fact of the Case:
The deceased Vipul was found dead, and the petitioner challenged the judgment and order of acquittal passed by the learned Assistant Sessions Judge, Rajkot.
Finding of the Court:
The court re-appreciated the evidence and found no illegality or miscarriage of justice in the impugned order. It emphasized the limited jurisdiction in re-appreciating evidence in cases of acquittal and the presumption of innocence in favor of the accused.
Issues: The issues revolved around the sufficiency of circumstantial evidence and the application of the principles of circumstantial evidence in establishing guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the need for fully established circumstances consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused and highlighted the presumption of innocence in favor of the accused in cases of acquittal.
Final Decision: The court found no merit in the petition and dismissed it. The right of the petitioner to prefer any application u/ s 452 of the Code to obtain muddamal silver was kept open subject to the provisions of law.
JUDGMENT :
1. Present petition filed u/s 397 r/w section 401 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, the petitioner challenges judgment and order dated 12.3.2004 passed by the learned Assistant Sessions Judge, Rajkot in Sessions Case No.143 of 2001, whereby the learned Session Judge has acquitted the respondents accused.
2. The brief facts of the case are that the deceased Vipul was staying with the complainant Dipakbhai and was learning silver work from the complainant. That on 9.7.2001, when Dipak and his friend Chandresh came to the house of the complainant, they found the door open from outside and found deceased Vipul lying on the ground. Thereafter, deceased Vipul was shifted to the Hospital, where the doctor found him dead. Therefore, the complainant Dipak filed complaint against unknown persons before Rajkot “B” Division Police Station being I – C.R. No. 453 of 2001.
3. Charge was framed. The petitioner pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. Therefore, the case was returned for recording the prosecution evidence. The prosecution has examined witnesses, as also produced documentary evidence. The learned trial Court having appreciated the said evidence recorded the finding as noted in the judgment culminated in acquittal as stated supra.
4. Hence, present petition.
5. Learned advocate Mr. Nirav Thakkar for the petitioner referring to the deposition of the investigating officer and the recovery of silver, which is proved from the deposition of the investigating officer, would submit that circumstantial evidence suggests that the accused have committed offence, but the learned Sessions Court has failed appreciate this evidence. Learned advocate for the petitioner apart from this, has failed to point out any other submission to inculpate the accused for the charges levelled against them.
6. On the other hand, learned advocate Mr. Pratik Jasani for the respondents, except respondent No.4, who expired during the pendency of the trial, would submit that almost all witnesses examined by the learned Sessions Court either turned hostile or in their depositions, contradiction is recorded. Even not a single chain of circumstances is proved. He would further submit that the investigating officer could not be considered as witness to prove the circumstantial evidence. The witnesses, who are arraigned as witness for the prosecution have to establish the chain of circumstances. Therefore, it is submitted that the learned Sessions Court has not committed any illegality in arriving to a conclusion acquitting the accused. Therefore, it is submitted to this revision.
7. Learned APP, in background of the facts and circumstances, submits to pass necessary order.
8. Before I advert to the points canvassed by the Learned advocate for the petitioner, let refer judgment of the Hon’ble Apex Court rendered in case of Vimal Singh Vs. Khuman Singh reported in 1998(7) SCC 223, whereby the Hon’ble Apex Court has examined the scope of revisional jurisdiction of this Court. The relevant para is 7, which reads as under:-
Ramgopal v. State of Maharashtra [(1972) 4 SCC 625 : AIR 1972 SC 656]
Sharad Birdhichand Sarda Versus State Of Maharashtra reported in 1984(4) SCC 116
Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra
Tufail V/s. State of Uttar Pradesh
Tufail (Alias) Simmi v. State of Uttar Pradesh [(1969) 3 SCC 198 : 1970 SCC (Cri) 55]
The importance of establishing a clear motive and the need for circumstantial evidence to be cogently and firmly established, pointing towards the guilt of the accused.
In cases of circumstantial evidence, a complete chain of proof is essential for conviction; mere suspicion is insufficient, and the presumption of innocence must be maintained.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the requirement for a complete and conclusive chain of evidence in cases of circumstantial evidence, the importance of proper appreciation of evide....
Accused cannot be convicted on the ground of suspicion, no matter how strong it is – There is not only a grammatical but a legal distinction between ‘may be proved’ and ‘must be or should be proved’.
Login now and unlock free premium legal research
Login to SupremeToday AI and access free legal analysis, AI highlights, and smart tools.
Login
now!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
Copyright © 2023 Vikas Info Solution Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.