IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
HEMANT M. PRACHCHHAK, J.
State Of Gujarat - Appellant
Versus
Ramju @ Ramjan Bhatti – Respondent
R/Criminal Appeal No. 2388 Of 2009
Decided On : 10-12-2024
(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 498(A), 306, 323, 504 - Appeal against acquittal - The trial Court acquitted the accused of charges of cruelty and abetment of suicide due to lack of evidence - The Appellate Court emphasized that presumption of innocence remains until proven guilty - The evidence presented by the prosecution was insufficient to establish the charges beyond reasonable doubt. (Paras 1, 4, 10, 21, 22)
(B) Acquittal - Principles - The Appellate Court has full power to review and reconsider evidence but must respect the trial Court's conclusions unless a manifest error is found - The benefit of doubt must be given to the accused. (Paras 17, 20, 21)
Facts of the case:
The complainant married the accused 15 years ago and had four children. She faced mental and physical harassment, leading to her suicide by self-immolation. The trial Court acquitted the accused due to insufficient evidence of cruelty or instigation.
Findings of Court:
The trial Court's acquittal was upheld as the prosecution failed to provide credible evidence linking the accused to the alleged crime.
Issues: The main issues were whether the accused inflicted cruelty and whether he abetted the suicide.
Ratio Decidendi: The court reaffirmed that conviction under Section 306 IPC requires clear evidence of instigation or abetment, which was lacking in this case.
Result: Appeal dismissed, and the trial Court's acquittal was confirmed.
JUDGMENT :
HEMANT M. PRACHCHHAK, J.
1. Present appeal is filed by the appellant – State of Gujarat under Section 378(1)(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 against the impugned judgment and order dated 7.9.2009 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court No.4, Bhuj (hereinafter be referred to as “the trial Court”) in Sessions Case No. 65 of 2008 whereby the trial Court has acquitted the accused for the offences punishable under Sections 498(A), 323, 504, 306 etc. of the Indian Penal Code (“I.P.C.” for short)
2. Brief facts of the present case, in nutshell, are as under:-
2.1 The complainant Aminaben wife of Ramjan Harun Bhatti, was residing at Kera village and her husband was doing labour work. Aminaben was married with the accused Ramjan Harun Bhatti, 15 years prior to the incident, as per the rite and customs of their community. She was having three sons and one daughter and she was having two sisters. Her husband was doing labour work, sometime he did not go to labour work and did not get sufficient money hence, quarrel took place between the complainant and her husband very often. Therefore, the complainant informed at her parental home to her brothers about the same, but her brothers convinced her to live with her husband. However, her husband was causing mental and physical harassment to her.
2.2 On 6.06.2008, when the complainant cooking food, at that time her husband came from outside and told that why she had gone out and by saying so he beaten her by stick. As she could not tolerate the said harassment from the accused she was induced to commit suicide and had committed suicide by pouring kerosene on her body and set herself on fire.
2.3 Thereafter, brother of complainant took her to the Hospital and then she declared dead. Thereby, the accused has induced the deceased to commit suicide and has committed offence punishable under Section 498 [A], 323, 504 & 306 of I.P.C.. Hence, the complaint was filed being C.R. No.I- 231 of 2008 against the accused husband at Bhuj Police Station.
3. On the basis of the FIR, investigation was carried out and after thorough investigation as there was sufficient evidence against the respondent- accused, charge sheet was filed before the Learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Bhuj. As the offences committed by the accused person was exclusively triable by the Court of Sessions as per the provisions of 209 of Cr.P.C., the Learned Judge has committed the case to the Court of Sessions and the case was transferred and placed for trial before the Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court No.4, Bhuj, which has been numbered as Sessions case No.65 of 2008. Thereafter, charge was framed against accused for the offence punishable under Sections 498 [A], 323, 504 & 306 of I.P.C. The accused persons pleaded not guilty to the charges and claimed to be tried. The prosecution therefore, laid evidence. The Prosecution, for proving the charge against the accused person, has examined 12 oral witnesses as well as produced 17 documentary evidences on the record of the case.
3.1 After going through documentary as well as oral evidence and after hearing both the sides, the trial Court has acquitted the accused person vide order dated 7.9.2009 passed in Sessions Case No. 65 of 2008 from aforementioned charges.
4. Being aggrieved by and dissatisfied with the aforesaid judgment and order of acquittal the appellant – State of Gujarat has preferred this Appeal.
5. Heard Mr. Yuvraj Brahmbhatt learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the appellant – State of Gujarat and Mr. Pathik Acharya, learned counsel appearing for the respondent - accused at length.
5.1 Mr. Brahmbhatt, learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the appellant – State of Gujarat, while referring to the entire oral as well as documentary evidence, has assailed the impugned judgment and order and has submitted that the trial Court has committed serious error of law and on facts both, while passing the impugned judgment
Kumar @ Shiva Kumar vs. State of Karnataka reported in 2024 3 SCR 329
Chandrappa and others Vs. State of Karnataka reported in (2007) 4 SCC 415
Rajesh Prasad Vs. State of Bihar and another
The court confirmed that to convict for abetment of suicide, clear evidence of instigation or intent must be established, which was not proven in this case.
The appellate court upheld the trial Court's acquittal, emphasizing the presumption of innocence and the necessity for credible evidence, particularly regarding dying declarations.
The prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in cases of acquittal, emphasizing the presumption of innocence and the need for reliable evidence linking alleged cruelty to suicide.
The court emphasized that mere allegations of harassment are insufficient to establish abetment of suicide; clear evidence of intent and coercion is required.
The prosecution must provide clear evidence of instigation or connection to establish charges of cruelty and abetment of suicide under IPC; mere allegations are insufficient.
The prosecution must prove charges beyond reasonable doubt; mere allegations of harassment are insufficient for conviction under IPC sections related to abetment of suicide.
The prosecution failed to establish the elements of abetment and cruelty, leading to the upholding of the trial Court's acquittal.
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