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2025 Supreme(Guj) 1723

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
ILESH J. VORA, R. T. VACHHANI, JJ.
State Of Gujarat - Appellant
Versus
Bhagvan Murli Bharad - Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 240 of 2001
Decided On : 26-11-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared: For the Appellant :Mr Ronak Raval, APP For the Respondent: Notice Unserved

In cases of circumstantial evidence, the prosecution must establish an unbroken chain of events linking the accused to the crime; 'last seen together' evidence is insufficient for conviction without corroborative evidence.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302 and 365 - Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 378 - Acquittal appeal by the State against judgment acquitting the respondent of murder and kidnapping. The trial court found major contradictions in witness testimonies regarding 'last seen together' and extended the benefit of doubt to the accused, thus ruling acquittal as reasonable. (Paras 2, 9, 16)

(B) Burden of proof - In circumstantial evidence cases, all elements must create a complete chain of events linking the accused to the crime. Evidence of 'last seen together' without corroboration is insufficient. (Paras 13, 16)

Facts of the case:
The respondent was accused of kidnapping and murdering a minor child on 13.5.1999. Following an FIR lodged by the child's uncle, the accused was charged but acquitted due to inconsistencies in witness statements.

Findings of Court:
The trial court's acquittal was upheld as it was based on sound reasoning regarding witness credibility and circumstantial evidence.

Issues: The main issue was whether the trial court's acquittal was justified based on presented evidence.

Ratio Decidendi: The court upheld the acquittal, stating that the evidence was weak, particularly the 'last seen together' principle, affirming that the trial court's reasoning was plausible.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. appeal against acquittal of the respondent. (Para 1 , 2)
2. summary of the prosecution's case and evidence presented. (Para 4 , 8)
3. critique of the trial court's findings based on witness credibility. (Para 9 , 16)
4. arguments against the acquittal decision. (Para 11 , 12)
5. criteria for appellate interference in acquittals. (Para 13 , 14)
6. final judgment and order dismissing the appeal. (Para 15 , 17)

JUDGMENT :

ILESH J. VORA, J.

1. Here is the Appeal by the State against the judgment and order of acquittal.

2. Being dissatisfied by the judgment and order passed by the learned Sessions Judge, Surat, in Sessions Case No.313 of 1999 dated 30.12.2000, acquitting the respondent from the offence under Sections 302 and 365 of the Indian Penal Code, the State has preferred instant appeal under Section 378 of the Cr.P.C.

3. This Court has heard Mr.Ronak Raval, learned Additional Public Prosecutor. Though served, none appears for and on behalf of the respondent-accused.

4. Brief facts giving rise to file the present Appeal are that, the respondent-accused, Bhagvan Murli, was tried and prosecuted for the offence of kidnapping and murder. According to prosecution case, on 13.5.1999, the accused- respondent, under the pretext to give a Pepsi to the minor child Siddhant, kidnapped and taken to Udhana area of Surat and the child was thrown into the creek under the bridge. The dead-body of the deceased found by the police on the basis of missing complaint. The maternal uncle of the deceased, PW-4, lodged an FIR against the accused, inter alia, stating that, the accused was an employee and having habit to consume liquor and after consuming the same, he has tendency to harass the room partners, as a result, the father of the child, directed him to live separately in any other area of Surat. It is further alleged that the accused separated from the complainant party and started living in the other area of Surat. Keeping grudge in mind of this incident, the respondent-accused took the deceased child from one Bhagvan Gaud under the pretext to give him a Pepsi and assured the Bhagvan Gaud that he will leave the child at his home. The accused, along with the child, went to the shop of PW-3 and purchased the Pepsi and other things and then he disappeared. The dead-body of the child was found from the creek of Udhana area. The delay being explained that they were busy with the after-death rituals. On the basis of complaint and upon due investigation, the accused after his arrest, charge-sheeted for the offence of kidnapping and murder.

5. Since the case was exclusively triable by the Sessions Court, the Court committed the case to the Sessions Court, which has been culminated into Sessions Case No.313 of 1999.

6. The learned Sessions Judge, Surat, framed charge under Section 302 and 365 of the IPC against the accused to which, he pleaded not guilty and claimed trial.

7. In the course of trial, the prosecution adduced the following oral as well as documentary evidence in support of his case:

Oral evidence:-

PW 1 – Exh.8Dr. Swapnil Sudhirkumar Agrawal
PW 2 – Exh.11Musa Kirtan
PW 3 – Exh.16Rajniben Satyanarayan
PW 4 – Exh.17Laxman Gulam
PW 5 – Exh.20Satyam Uday
PW 6 – Exh.25Jamal Magan
PW 7 – Exh.26Ramrao Lilaji
PW 8 – Exh.28Sanatan Gadadhar
PW 9 – Exh.29Shushma Sanatani
PW 10 – Exh.31Bhagwan Vipra
PW 11 – Exh.34Rajendrasinh Gabaji
PW 12 – Exh.35Abdula Jalana Lakhoy
PW 13 – Exh.42Ramsinh Vejabhai
PW 14 – Exh.45Ravindra Dhansukh
PW 15 – Exh.48Deepsinh Gurusinh

Documentary evidence:-

Exh.43Order to register complaint
Exh.18Original Complaint
Exh.12Inquest Panchnama
Exh.13Panchnama of place of offence
Exh.21Panchnama of identification of deceased
Exh.14Panchnama of clothes recovered from the deceased
Exh.15Panchnama of place of offence
Exh.22Panchnama
Exh.49Recovery Panchnama
Exh.10Cause of death certificate
Exh.9PM Note
Exh.7FSL Report
Exh.23Station diary entry copy
Exh.24Station diary entry copy
Exh.47FSL Report

8. On conclusion of oral evidence, the trial Court recorded fu

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