IN THE HIGH COURT OF GAUHATI
N. KOTISWAR SINGH, MALASRI NANDI, JJ.
Marjina Begum – Appellant
Versus
Union of India and Others - Respondents
WP(C) No. 6450 of 2021
Decided on : 06-12-2021
Foreigners’ Act, 1946 - Citizenship - Citizenship is one of the most important rights of a person and is the key to enjoyment of the rights guaranteed by law of the land - Tribunal should give it's opinion only after giving full opportunity to the proceedee to prove his/her case - Application of the petitioner to examine the Headmaster of School who had issued the school certificate not allowed by the Tribunal - Opinion rendered by the Tribunal vitiated as it amounted to denial of fair trial and reasonable opportunity to the proceedee to prove her case – Held, Citizenship is one of the most important rights of a person in today's world – It is the key to enjoyment of the rights guaranteed by law of the land. It is through citizenship that a person can enjoy and enforce fundamental rights and other legal rights conferred by the Constitution and other statutes, without which a person cannot lead a meaningful life with dignity – Person stripped of citizenship would be rendered a stateless person, if any other ??? Entry refuses to accept him or her as its citizen – Therefore, any such proceeding which the potential of depriving citizenship ought to be accordingly, examined from that perspective also. In a normal proceeding before a court of law, in spite of any adverse finding, the person will continue to enjoy the rights as a citizen. Though a proceeding under the Foreigners’ Tribunal, is merely quasi-judicial in nature, yet an adverse opinion by the Tribunal that the proceedee is a foreigner almost seals the fate of the proceedee as far as issue of citizenship is concerned, as the authorities are expected to declare such a person a foreigner in terms of the opinion of the Tribunal and he would be liable to be detained and deported full opportunity to the proceedee to prove his/her case – Writ petition disposed of.
JUDGMENT :
N. KOTISWAR SINGH, J.
Heard Mr. G. Kakoti, learned counsel for the petitioner. Also heard Ms. L. Devi, learned counsel appearing on behalf of Mr. R.K. Dev Chouhdury, learned Asstt. SGI appearing for respondent Nos. 1 and 4; Ms. A. Verma, learned special counsel, F.T. appearing for respondent Nos. 2 and 6; Mr. A.I. Ali, learned standing counsel, ECI, appearing for respondent No. 3 and Ms. U. Das, learned State counsel, Assam, appearing for the respondent No. 5.
2. Considering the nature of the case and also after hearing the learned counsel for the parties, we are of the view that the present petition can be disposed of at this stage without issuing any formal notice to the respondents.
3. In this petition the petitioner has challenged the impugned opinion dated 20.7.2018 passed by the Foreigners Tribunal No. 7th, Tezpur, Balipara, Assam, in F.T. Case No. FT-2/2017 corresponding to reference TZP(B)/411/2017 by which the petitioner was declared a foreigner who came to India after 25.03.1971.
4. Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that apart from the various grounds raised in the writ petition, the said proceeding suffers from serious irregularities, inasmuch as, the petitioner was seeking to examine certain official witnesses like the Headmaster of No. 1 Gudamghat Primary School, Tezpur, who had issued the School Certificate to the petitioner, which could have proved her linkage with the projected father Nur Mahammad, but the Tribunal rejected her application. Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the Tribunal also did not examine various documents relied upon by the petitioner.
5. Be that as it may, what we have noticed as submitted by the learned counsel for the petitioner that the petitioner had filed an application on 10.7.2018 being No. 12/18 seeking to prove the said School Certificate adduced by her by calling the issuing Authority (the Headmaster of the said school). However, the said prayer was rejected by the Tribunal on the same date on 10.7.2018 by stating that the matter was fixed for hearing and the Petition No. 12/18 was not filed on the date of evidence. The aforesaid order dated 10.7.2018 is reproduced herein below:
In the stage of argument the further evidence would not be allowed. The proceedee is absent without appearance of the proceedee, this petition could not be considered because appearance of the proceedee is mandatory in the foreigner case. So, this petition is rejected.”
6. Though, the matter might have been fixed for oral hearing, the fact remains that the petitioner had sought to substantiate the School Certificate by examining the Headmaster of the said School which according to the petitioner would clinch the issue in her favour.
7. In this regard, we have also noticed the observation made by the learned Tribunal in his opinion dated 20.7.2018 that the State of Assam had not engaged its advocate to cross-examine the evidence on affidavit filed by the proceedee. Further, it was also observed that the burden of proof lies upon the proceedee entirely under the rule of civil procedure. The observations made by the Tribunal in its opinion dated 20.7.2018 are reproduced herein below:
So, I discus
Matter would require fresh reconsideration by the learned Tribunal of the aforesaid documents/evidences adduced by the petitioner and issue a speaking order as regards the admissibility, reliability ....
The burden of proof for establishing citizenship rests solely on the individual, as mandated by Section 9 of the Foreigners Act, 1946.
The burden of proof under Section 9 of the Foreigners Act, 1946 lies upon the person claiming citizenship, and the evidence presented must be supported by documentary evidence and contemporaneous rec....
The burden of proving citizenship lies on the individual claiming it, necessitating admissible and reliable evidence to establish linkage with parents.
The burden of proving citizenship lies solely with the proceedee. Judicial review of tribunal findings is restricted to the decision-making process, and a tribunal cannot declare individuals as forei....
A foreigner's status must be proven by credible and verifiable evidence linking them to claimed Indian ancestors; mere appearances in voter rolls are insufficient.
Point of Law : Tribunal is required to prima facie to satisfy itself about the existence of the main grounds before issuing the notice to the proceeded.
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