The freezing of bank accounts must balance the rights of account holders against investigatory needs, ensuring no arbitrary restrictions are imposed without due process.

JUDGMENT :

Sanjay Kumar Medhi, J.

Heard Shri S Mitra, learned counsel for the petitioner. Also heard Shri KK Nandi, learned counsel appearing for the Bank of Maharashtra as well as Ms. R Devi, learned CGC.

2. Considering the facts and circumstances involved and also as agreed to by the learned counsel for the parties, the instant writ petition is taken up for disposal at the admission stage.

3. As per the facts projected, the petitioner is a micro enterprise and is engaged in selling of meat at its place of business at Maligaon, Guwahati. In connection with the said business, the petitioner maintains a current bank account, being Account No. 60509775940 with the respondent-Bank in its Maligaon Branch which is under operation since October, 2024. It is averred that there is a credit of more than Rs. 12 lakhs. However, since January, 2025, debit transactions were stopped and on an enquiry, the petitioner was informed that the said account was frozen upon a complaint received from the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (NCCRP). The petitioner had submitted a representation followed by a complaint to the Banking Ombudsman, Reserve Bank of India which was rejected vide an email dated 28.03.2025.

4. Assailing the said action, Shri Mitra, learned counsel for the petitioner has submitted that the petitioner is running a legal business and there is no fraudulent transaction of any nature related to the aforesaid bank account. He has submitted that the action has been taken without any notice and information and has caused immense prejudice to the petitioner. He has submitted that from the affidavit filed by the respondent nos. 1, 2 and 3, it transpires that an amount of Rs.17,040/- appears to be a part of a fraudulent transaction involving the aforesaid current account of the petitioner. In this regard, he has submitted that in similarly situated matters, there has been direction for keeping in lien the disputed amounts and allowing the incumbents to run their respective bank accounts. In support of his submissions, the learned counsel has relied upon the following case laws:

i) WP No. 25631/2024 (Mohammed Saifullah Vs. Reserve Bank of India & Ors.) [The High Court of Judicature at Madras];

ii) WP(C)/17905/2024 & CM Appl./2640/2025 ( Neelkanth Pharma Logistics Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Union of India Anr. ) [The High Court of Delhi at New Delhi] &

iii) Crl. Writ Pettition No. 321/2025 (Mr. Kartik Yogeswar Chatur Vs. Union of India & Ors.) [The High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, Nagpur].

5. In the case of Mohammed Saifullah (supra), the Hon’ble Madras High Court had observed that under the guise of investigation, order of freezing of the entire account without quantifying amount or period cannot be passed as the same would be in violation of the fundamental rights.

6. In the case of Neelkanth Pharma Logistics Pvt. Ltd. (supra), the Hon’ble Delhi High Court has made an observation that a balance was required to be struck regarding the rights of a complainant vis-a-vis the rights of an innocent and unwary account holder who is made to suffer unwarranted hardships due to blanket freezing of bank account. 7. In the case of Mr. Kartik Yogeswar Chatur (supra), the Hon’ble Bombay High Court was dealing with the aspect of the provisions of Section 106 of the BNSS vis-a-vis the order of attachment / freezing of a bank account.

8. Shri Nandi, learned counsel for the contesting respondent nos. 1 to 3 has submitted that the action taken is strictly in accordance with law and as per the directi