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2026 Supreme(Gau) 688

THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
Devashis Baruah, J.
M/S Gauripur Coop Fishery Society Ltd – Petitioner
Versus
The State Of Assam Rep. By The Comm. And Secy. To The Govt. Of Assam, Fishery Deptt. And Ors – Respondents
WP(C) 7584 of 2022
Decided On : 05-05-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. M. K. Choudhury, Advocate Mr. D. J. Medhi, Advocate
For the Respondent:Mr. K. N. Choudhury, Sr. Advocate, Mr. U. Goswami, Advocate, Mr. G. Bordoloi, Standing Counsel, Mr. K. Gogoi. Addl. Sr. GA,

The principle of constructive res judicata bars parties from raising issues in subsequent litigation that could have been raised in earlier proceedings. Additionally, technical defects in tender documentation, such as incorrect naming on a certificate, are curable if the substantive eligibility criteria were met at the time of application.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 11, Explanation IV - Constructive res judicata - Principles of constructive res judicata apply to writ proceedings - A party cannot raise a plea in a subsequent proceeding that could and ought to have been raised in a previous round of litigation - The doctrine is founded on the necessity of finality to adjudication and the principle that no person should be vexed twice for the same cause. (Paras 20-21)

(B) Tender Process - Curable defect - Submission of incorrect certificate - Where a certificate is issued in the name of a representative instead of the entity due to an administrative error, and the entity was otherwise compliant at the time of application, such a defect is curable and the corrected certificate may be considered by the settling authority. (Paras 9, 10, 23)

Facts of the case:
A tender was issued for the settlement of a fishery. The petitioner challenged the settlement in favor of another entity. The respondent's initial clearance certificate was issued in the name of its representative rather than the entity itself. The court previously directed the authorities to issue a corrected certificate. The petitioner later challenged the settlement on new grounds, including the cancellation of a distance certificate, which was not raised in the earlier litigation.

Findings of Court:
The court held that the challenge regarding the distance certificate was barred by constructive res judicata as it could have been raised in the previous writ petition. Regarding the clearance certificate, the court affirmed that the correction of a technical error in the certificate was a curable defect and the previous judicial order allowing its consideration had attained finality.

Issues: Whether the principle of constructive res judicata bars the petitioner from raising new grounds in a subsequent writ petition, and whether a technical defect in a tender document can be cured by a subsequent correction.

Ratio Decidendi: The doctrine of constructive res judicata prevents parties from litigating issues that should have been raised in prior proceedings to ensure finality. Furthermore, administrative errors in tender documentation that do not reflect the substantive eligibility of the bidder are curable defects and do not invalidate the entire tender process.

Result: Writ petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. historical context of judicial review regarding tender processes and bakijai clearance certificate requirements. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
2. procedural compliance resulting from previous court directions on tender validity. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
3. parties' contentions regarding tender eligibility and the doctrine of constructive res judicata. (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
4. application of constructive res judicata to bar repeated litigation on previously resolvable claims. (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 24)
5. final order of dismissal and preservation of independence of pending connected litigation. (Para 25 , 26)

JUDGMENT :

DEVASHIS BARUAH, J.

Heard Mr. M. K. Choudhury, the learned Senior counsel assisted by Mr. D. J. Medhi, the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Petitioner and Mr. K. Gogoi, the learned Additional Senior Government Advocate appearing on behalf of the Respondent Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. I have also heard Mr. G. Bordoloi, the learned Standing counsel appearing on behalf of the Respondent No.4 as well as Mr. K. N. Choudhury, the learned Senior counsel assisted by Mr. U. Goswami, the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Respondent No.8.

PREFACE:

2. The present writ petition has been filed by the Petitioner challenging various reports as well as orders passed which led to the order dated 15.11.2022 and further seeking a direction that the Group No.1/87 Dharnad Brahmaputra Part-I and Satkuri Nadi Fishery be settled with the Petitioner for a period of 7 (seven) years as the Petitioner was the valid highest bidder.

3. At the outset, it is very pertinent to take note of that the impugned order dated 17.10.2022 passed by the Respondent No.3, the Letter/Report No.DRF.5/2020/441-42 dated 29.09.2020 of the Deputy Commissioner, Dhubri, the Speaking Order No.DRF5/2020 dated 14.09.2020 of the Additional Deputy Commissioner, Dhubri, Report No.GRP(s)3/2019/339 dated 28.08.2020 have merged with the impugned order dated 15.11.2022. Under such circumstances, the issue involved in the present proceedings is as to whether this Court is required to interfere with the impugned order dated 15.11.2022 passed by the Respondent No.2.

BRIEF FACTS:

4. A Notice Inviting Tender was issued on 27.02.2020 for settlement of Group No.1/87 Dharnad Brahmaputra Part-I and Satkuri Nadi Fishery (hereinafter referred to as the “fishery in question”) for the period from 2019-20 to 2025-26. The said Notice Inviting Tender stipulated various terms and conditions including the necessity of Bakijai Clearance Certificate to be obtained from the concerned Office of the Deputy Commissioner distinctly in the name of the society or self-help group.

5. The records further reveal that there were various litigations as regards the settlement in respect to the fishery in question. Pursuant to the various orders passed by the learned Coordinate Benches as well as the learned Division Bench of this Court, an order was passed on 17.10.2022 by the Joint Secretary to the Government of Assam, Fishery Department whereby the Respondent No.8 society was offered the fishery in question for settlement at Rs.1,90,05,000/- for 7 (seven) years at Rs.27,15,000/- per annum. Pursuant to the said order passed by the Joint Secretary to the Government of Assam, Fishery Department, a writ petition was filed by the Petitioner which was registered and numbered as WP(C) No.6885/2012 challenging the settlement so made in favour of the Respondent No.8.

6. It is further relevant to take note of that another writ petition was filed by the Respondent No.8 before this Court wherein the Petitioner herein was the Respondent No.3 in the said writ petition. The said writ petition was registered and numbered as WP(C) No.7056/2022.

7. The case of the Respondent No.8 in WP(C) No.7056/2022 appears to be on account of the writ petition filed by the writ petitioner i.e. WP(C) No.6885/2022 challenging the order dated 17.10.2022. It was the case of the Respondent No.8 in W

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