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2026 Supreme(Gau) 759

THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH, KOHIMA BENCH
UNNI KRISHNAN NAIR, YARENJUNGLA LONGKUMER, JJ.
Smti. Shikatoli W/o Aloto Aye - Appellant
Versus
State Of Nagaland And Ors. - Respondent
W.P.(Crl.) No.9 of 2026
Decided On : 25-05-2026

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. A. Sophie
For the Respondent: Ms. A. Ayemi, Mr. Z.N. Ngullie

An order of preventive detention against a person already in custody is vitiated if it fails to demonstrate the authority's awareness of such custody and lacks cogent, material evidence justifying that there is a real possibility of release on bail and subsequent engagement in prejudicial activities.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 21 and 22 - National Security Act, 1980 - Sections 3(2), 10 and 11 - Preventive detention - Person already in judicial custody - Challenging validity of detention order based on absence of compelling reasons - Detention order passed without specifying awareness of custody and without cogent material indicating likelihood of bail and subsequent indulgence in prejudicial activities is legally unsustainable. (Paras 21, 23, 24)

(B) Preventive Detention - Compliance with procedural mandates - Requirement of showing compelling reasons - Mere mention of pending custody is insufficient - Detaining authority must demonstrate objective basis for concluding that the subject is likely to be released on bail and would engage in prejudicial conduct thereafter. (Paras 22, 24)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner challenged an order of preventive detention issued against a person who was already in judicial custody in connection with criminal proceedings. It was argued that the order was passed mechanically without an application of mind regarding the necessity of detention and violated mandatory statutory timelines for reporting to the advisory board.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that while the statutory timelines for handling the detention process were followed, the order of detention lacked the necessary justification required for detaining an individual already in custody. The authority failed to provide cogent materials showing awareness of the detention and demonstrating a real possibility of the subject's release on bail followed by potential prejudicial activities.

Issues: The main issues were whether the detention order of a person already in judicial custody was passed with due application of mind, and whether the absence of compelling reasons regarding the likelihood of bail and subsequent prejudicial conduct renders the order invalid.

Ratio Decidendi: A valid detention order against a person in custody requires the detaining authority to explicitly record awareness of the current custody and possess credible materials confirming a reasonable likelihood of release on bail and subsequent engagement in activities prejudicial to public order. Failure to establish these grounds vitiates the detention order.

Result: Petition allowed; impugned detention, approval, and confirmation orders quashed.

Table of Content
1. overview and procedural history of the detention case. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. challenges regarding procedural requirements for preventive detention. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
3. defense regarding compliance with nsa and judicial procedures. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
4. judicial assessment of mandatory nsa procedural timelines. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
5. requirements for detaining individuals already in judicial custody. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
6. final order quashing detention for legal deficiencies. (Para 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)

JUDGEMENT AND ORDER :

(Y. Longkumer, J.)

Heard Mr. A. Sophie, learned counsel for the petitioner. Also heard, Ms. A. Ayemi, learned Government Advocate for the State respondents and Mr. Z.N. Ngullie, learned Central Government Counsel for the respondent No.2/Union of India.

2. In the instant application under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the petitioner has challenged the detention imposed upon the detenue Aloto Aye, by the Impugned Detention Order dated 23rd January, 2026, passed by the Commissioner of Police, Dimapur, Nagaland by invoking powers under provisions of the National Security Act, 1980 (herein after referred to as NSA for short).

3. The petitioner is the wife of the detenue who is presently detained under the NSA and lodged at District Jail, Dimapur.

4. The case of the petitioner is that an FIR was lodged on 17.12.2026 stating that on 16.12.2025 a telephonic information was received at the West P.S Dimapur informing that on 15.12.2025 unknown miscreants entered the residence of one Mr. Imlimeren and forcefully abducted him and 4 (four) of his friends and some gunshots were also heard. During the inquiry it was ascertained that the unknown miscreants belong to the NSCN(K) group. Accordingly, the West PS Case No.0122/25 U/S 3(5)/140(3)/127(8)/308(2)/61(1) of the BNS R/W 25(1) (A)/27(2) Arms Act R/W Section 7 /8 of the Nagaland Security Regulations was registered. During interrogation the name of the detenue was revealed by one of the co-accused. Accordingly, the detenue was arrested on 29.12.2025 in connection with the aforementioned case and was forwarded to judicial custody.

5. The Deputy Commissioner of Police, Dimapur, Nagaland vide letter dated 22.01.2026 put up a proposal for detention of the detenue before the Commissioner of Police, Dimapur, Nagaland. The Commissioner of Police & District Magistrate, Dimapur, Nagaland, by the Impugned Order dated 23.01.2026 issued the detention order against the detenue under Section 3(2) of the NSA, 1980 and directed that the detenue be detained and kept at the Central Jail, Dimapur.

6. Thereafter, the Government of Nagaland vide order dated 02.02.2026 approved the detention of the detenue. The detenue submitted a representation dated 17.03.2026 against his detention order praying for revocation of the detention order dated 23.01.2026. The Government of Nagaland in the Home Department by an order dated 24.03.2026 rejected the representation of the detenue. The Central Government also rejected the representation which was conveyed vide wireless message dated 24.03.2026.

7. Thereafter, the Chief Secretary to the Government of Nagaland vide Order dated 14.04.2026 issued confirmation order detaining the detenue for another period of 3 (three) months from 23.04.2026 till 22.07.2026.

8. Mr. A. Sophie, the learned counsel appearing for the petitioner has submitted that the impugned detention order of the detenue deserved the interference of this Court, in view of the fact that the provisions of the NSA had been grossly violated in the instant case.

9. The learned counsel submits that the detention order dated 23.01.2026 does not mention anywhere that the detaining authority had reasons to believe that there is real possibility that the detenue is likely to be released on bail.

10. Learned counsel also submits that the detenue has been booked under non- bailable sections and he had not move any application for bail. Therefore, the

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