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2025 Supreme(Ker) 2707

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
Ziyad Rahman A.A., J.
Ayyappan Kesavan (Died Lrs Impleaded) and ors. – Petitioners
Versus
Karthyayani, (Died Lhrs Impleaded) and ors. - Respondents
RSA NO. 497 OF 2003
Decided On : 24-09-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Sri.P.R.Venkatesh, Sri.G.Keerthivas
For the Respondent: Sri.K.Siju, Sri.Reji Mathew Kavalayil, Shri.S.Abhilash

A decree for declaration of title cannot be granted if the property identity is misdescribed in the title deed, requiring rectification and clear evidence.

Headnote:(A) Specific Relief Act, 1963 - The court reiterated that for a decree of declaration and possession, the plaintiff must establish clear identity of the property in question, especially when there are discrepancies in survey numbers and title deeds. (Paras 11, 12, 14)

(B) Evidence - Misdescription of property in title deeds must be rectified before seeking declaratory relief. The court underscored the necessity for clear, consistent evidence for establishing the identity of properties to grant declarations or injunctions. (Paras 11, 14)

Facts of the case:
The suit was initiated by the plaintiff for declaration of title and possession, claiming rights over properties based on a partition deed, amid disputes over property details with the defendants obstructing her attempts to establish boundaries. (Paras 2, 3, 4)

Findings of Court:
The courts below relied on a commission report that was deemed unreliable due to discrepancies in property identity and survey numbers. The appeal was allowed, and the judgments were set aside, remanding the matter back to the original court for fresh consideration. (Paras 15)

Issues: Main issues included whether the courts rightly relied on a commission report for property identification and the validity of the plaintiff's claim based on the misdescription of properties in her title deed. (Paras 7, 15)

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that without proper evidence to establish property identity and rectify misdescriptions in title deeds, the plaintiff could not be granted declaratory relief. (Paras 11, 15)

Result: Appeal allowed and remanded for fresh consideration.

Judgement Key Points

Based on the provided legal document, the core argument centers on the importance of establishing the clear identity of the property in dispute when seeking a declaration of title. The court emphasizes that a misdescription or discrepancy in survey numbers and property details in the title deed fundamentally undermines the validity of a declaratory relief unless properly rectified and proven with clear evidence (!) (!) .

The judgment underscores that reliance on survey reports or commission reports alone is insufficient when there are acknowledged discrepancies or conflicting reports regarding property boundaries and extents. The court highlights that the reports obtained by the court must be consistent, properly accepted, and free from serious objections; otherwise, they cannot serve as a reliable basis for judgment (!) .

Furthermore, the court stresses that when there is a misdescription of the property in the title deed, a plaintiff cannot successfully obtain a declaration of title without first rectifying the deed or providing unequivocal evidence to establish the true identity of the property in question (!) (!) . The absence of such clear evidence, coupled with conflicting survey reports, warrants a remand for fresh consideration, allowing both parties to adduce further evidence to substantiate their claims.

In addition, the judgment clarifies that a decree for declaration of title cannot be granted if the property in the title deed does not accurately correspond with the property in possession or described in the suit, especially when the description is inconsistent or misdescribed (!) (!) (!) .

Therefore, the argument hinges on the principle that accurate property description and reliable, uncontested evidence are prerequisites for granting a declaration of title. Without these, the court cannot confidently affirm the plaintiff's claim, and the matter must be reconsidered after proper evidence is adduced and discrepancies are addressed.


Table of Content
1. factual background of the case. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. defendant's arguments against the suit. (Para 5 , 7)
3. legal discrepancies in property identification. (Para 10 , 11)
4. misdescription in title deed invalidates claims. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
5. appeal allowed; remand for fresh consideration. (Para 15)

JUDGMENT :

Ziyad Rahman A.A., J.

This Regular Second Appeal is submitted originally by the defendants 2 and 3 in O.S.No.316/1984 on the files of the Munsiff Court, Kottarakkara, which was filed by the original respondent herein, who died during the pendency of the second appeal. The suit was decreed in favour of the plaintiff against which, A.S.No.19/1990 was filed which was dismissed by the Sub Court, Kottarakkara on 22.10.2002 confirming the judgment and decree passed by the Munsiff Court, Kottarakkara. This Second Appeal is submitted against the same. (The parties are hereinafter referred to as per their status in the Original Suit.)

2. The suit was filed by the plaintiff for declaration of title and possession of the plaintiff over the plaint schedule properties and also for fixation of boundary on the north-west of plaint A schedule properties separating the properties of the defendants and also on the south-west of ‘B’ schedule properties belonging to the plaintiff separating the properties of the defendants. Consequential permanent prohibitory injunction was also sought.

3. The plaint averments were as follows:

The plaintiff and the 1st defendant are sisters and the 2nd defendant is their brother. The 3rd defendant is the daughter of the 1st defendant (The 3rd defendant was initially not in the party array and she was impleaded based on the pleading of the 1st defendant that the subject property is transferred by the 1st defendant in favour of the 3rd defendant). The plaintiff is in possession and enjoyment of the plaint schedule properties, which she secured by way of the partition deed No.66 dated 6.1.1971 executed between the parties. Out of 1 acre 20 cents of properties which includes plaint A schedule property, the property having an extent of 80 cents was sold by the plaintiff to a third party and the remaining property having an extent of 40 cents is in possession of the plaintiff, which is included in plaint A schedule. Apart from the above, 20.25 cents of land was also secured by the plaintiff as per the said partition deed which is shown as plaint B schedule property. The western and northern side of the plaint A schedule properties are the properties of the 2nd defendant and the 1st defendant respectively. The southern side of plaint B schedule property is the property of the 2nd defendant and on the western side of the property is the property of the 1st defendant. It is averred that, there are survey stones separating the plaint schedule properties. However, the defendants are obstructing the plaintiff from putting up boundary and they are attempting to trespass into the plaint schedule properties. The suit was filed in the said circumstances.

4. The 2nd defendant filed a written statement contending that the plaint schedule shown is not correct. The suit is bad for non-joinder of necessary parties, as the persons to whom the plaintiff sold her property is a necessary party to the suit. The 1st defendant sold the property obtained by her as per the partition deed to her daughter and the 1st defendant has no property. The 2nd defendant is in possession and enjoyment of 20.25 cents of land on the southern side of the plaint schedule property comprised in Survey No.7/1A obtained by her as per partition deed. The 2nd defendant is in possession and enjoyment of 82 cents and excess land in Survey No.7/1A/29 as per settlement deed No.5895 of the year 1119 of Malayalam Era and the said property is clearly separated by boundaries. According to the said defendant, the properties are well demarcated and the 2nd defendant resisted the attempt of the plaintiff to start an Arrack Shop in the plaint A schedule p

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