IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
EASWARAN S., J.
Salie M. Thomas, W/o. Late A.C. Thomas and Ors. – Appellants
Versus
V.K. Thampan, (Died) Lhs Impleaded and Ors. – Respondents
R.S.A No.1433 of 2012
Decided On : 09-09-2025
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. background of the appeal and suit instituted. (Para 1 , 2) |
| 2. substantial questions framed by the court. (Para 3 , 4) |
| 3. arguments regarding evidence of land reclamation. (Para 5 , 8 , 9) |
| 4. legal requirements for mandatory injunctions. (Para 6 , 10 , 11 , 12) |
| 5. final decision on appeal and dismissal. (Para 13) |
JUDGMENT :
EASWARAN S., J.
This appeal arises out of the concurrent findings of the Munsiff Court, Pathanamthitta, in O.S No.340/2006, affirmed by the District Court, Pathanamthitta, in A.S No.111/2009.
2. The brief facts necessary for the disposal of the appeal are as follows:-
O.S No.340/2006, the suit was instituted by the plaintiffs for mandatory injunction, directing defendants 1 and 2 to restore the original paddy field within a stipulated period, or to let the plaintiffs be permitted to do so and allow the plaintiffs to realise the cost. Further reliefs are also sought for against the defendants to remove the unloaded earth from the plaint item Nos. 2 and 3. A consequential direction to the 3rd defendant- District Collector, Pathanamthitta, to take appropriate proceedings against defendants 1 and 2 for violation of the provisions of the Kerala Land Utilisation Order , 1967, was also sought for. According to the plaintiffs, the plaint item No.1 is 21½ cents of paddy land in Survey No.191/11/1, Re-Survey No.12/3 of Omalloor Village, which forms the western portion of a larger area of 43 cents. The plaint schedule property originally belonged to one late A.C.Thomas, the husband of the 1st plainti father of plaintiffs 2 to 4. The plaint item No.2 is 21 ½ cents of paddy land adjacent to the eastern side of the plaint item No.1. Item No.3 is 15 cents of paddy land lying adjacently on the south-eastern side of the plaint item No.2. According to the plaintiffs, all three items of paddy field are portion of a larger extent known as ‘Pyvallibhagam Ela’ in Malayalam parlance. The middle of said Ela there exist a ‘valiya thodu’ having 6 feet width and 5 feet depth in the east-west direction, which is separated by a kayyala, from the plaint schedule property. The plaintiffs were enjoying the natural right to drain out water from plaint item No.1, through plaint item Nos.2 and 3 and other adjacent paddy fields on the east for the last so many years. While so, the 1st defendant reclaimed the plaint schedule property item No.2 into a garden land by filling it with earth at a height of 6 feet from the paddy field level and the 2nd defendant reclaimed plaint schedule item No.3 into a garden land by filing it with earth up to 6 feet. The aforesaid act is in total violation of the provision of the Kerala Land Utilisation Order , 1967, and therefore a complaint was lodged before the District Collector, who failed to take further action and hence notice under Section 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure was issued on 03.03.2006, and thereafter, the above suit was instituted by the plaintiffs/appellants herein. The defendants entered appearance and resisted the suit by contending that there is no cause of action against them. It was further asserted that they have not reclaimed the land and that the land in question was reclaimed much prior to their purchase. The 1st defendant further denied the allegations that he had violated any of the provisions of the Land Utilisation Order. As regards item No.2, it was contended that the 1st defendant purchased the property only on 02.02.2006 and that the plaint item No.3 was reclaimed about 30 years back and several coconut trees are standing in the aforesaid property having an age of nearly 20-25 years. On behalf of the plaintiffs Exts.A1 to A5 were produced and PW1 and PW2 were examined. On behalf of the defendants, DW1 to DW3 were examined. The Advocate Commissioner submitted Ext.C1 report, Ext.C1(a) mahazar and Ext.C1(b) rough sketch. The trial court on the basis of the oral and documentary evidence came to the conclusion that the plaintiffs have failed to move the case pleaded in th
The failure to demonstrate the defendants' obligation to prevent land reclamation and the lack of sufficient evidence from the plaintiffs led to the dismissal of the mandatory injunction claim.
Where plaintiff fails to conclusively prove defendant-caused damage and continuous use of disputed amenities, mandatory injunction for restoration cannot be granted.
Permitting land use under Clause 6(2) does not extend to unauthorized reclamation, and remedies lie in approaching statutory authorities per Section 27A of the Paddy Act.
The court ruled that prior permissions regarding land use are limited and require statutory application for any changes in tenure, reaffirming the need for compliance with land laws.
Permitting land use under Clause 6(2) does not extend to unauthorized reclamation, and remedies lie in approaching statutory authorities per Section 27A of the Paddy Act.
Section 27C of Paddy Land Act applies to paddy land reclamations under Section 9, requiring Tahsildar to reassess land tax and update revenue records post-conversion for residential use.
Failure to seek declaration and recovery of possession is a legal hurdle in granting a mandatory injunction. The burden to establish the right shifts to the plaintiff, who must prove the disputed lan....
In injunction suits, establishing possession suffices; title issues arise when challenged by defendants claiming rights, thus not necessitating formal title proof by plaintiffs.
Authority to direct land restoration does not lie with subordinate officers under the Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wet Land Act.
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