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2026 Supreme(Raj) 199

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JAIPUR
CHANDRA PRAKASH SHRIMALI, J.
Jagdish S/o Chhotelal – Appellant
Versus
Ramesh Chand, S/o. Narayan – Respondent
S.B. Civil Revision Petition No. 212 of 2025
Decided On : 19-05-2026

Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s): Mr. S.K. Gupta, Sr. Adv. Assisted by Mr. Anil Kumar Sharma, Adv. with Ms. Surbhi Agarwal, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Tanay Goyal, Adv. Mr. Ram Prasad Sharma, Adv. for Mr. Prahlad Sharma, Adv.

A separate civil suit to challenge a compromise decree on the ground that it was not lawful is barred under Order 23 Rule 3A of the Civil Procedure Code. The aggrieved party must approach the court that passed the decree to seek redressal, as it retains exclusive jurisdiction.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Order 7 Rule 11 - Order 23 Rule 3A - Section 96(3) - Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 - Section 229(2) - Bar to suit - Challenge to compromise decree - A suit to set aside a decree on the ground that the compromise on which it is based was not lawful is expressly barred under Order 23 Rule 3A - The only remedy available to an aggrieved party is to approach the court that recorded the compromise and passed the decree - Civil courts lack jurisdiction to entertain a separate suit challenging such a decree. (Paras 4, 11, 12, 14)

(B) Revision - Scope - Trial court erred in rejecting the application under Order 7 Rule 11 when the suit was clearly barred by law - The court passing the decree retains the jurisdiction to scrutinize its lawfulness upon challenge. (Paras 16, 18)

Facts of the case:
A civil suit was instituted to challenge a decades-old decree passed by a revenue court based on a compromise, alleging that the signatures on the compromise were forged and the decree was obtained through fraud. The defendants filed an application for rejection of the plaint, which was dismissed by the trial court.

Findings of Court:
The court held that the suit was barred by law as per the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code. The remedy for challenging a compromise decree lies solely with the court that passed the decree, and a separate civil suit is not maintainable.

Issues: Whether a separate civil suit is maintainable to challenge a compromise decree passed by a revenue court on the ground of fraud or lack of lawfulness.

Ratio Decidendi: The court determined that Order 23 Rule 3A creates an absolute bar to a separate suit challenging a compromise decree. The aggrieved party must seek redressal through review or appropriate application before the court that passed the decree, as it alone is competent to examine the lawfulness of the compromise.

Result: Revision petition allowed; trial court order set aside; plaint rejected.

Table of Content
1. overview of procedural history and nature of the revision petition. (Para 1 , 2)
2. summary of rival contentions regarding the maintainability of a civil suit against a revenue court compromise decree. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. legal analysis of the competence of civil courts versus revenue recovery/records tribunals in matters involving compromise decree disputes. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. bar on civil suits under order 23 rule 3a to challenge compromise decrees; mandatory recourse to the originating court. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
5. final order granting revision, dismissing the plaint, and granting liberty for appropriate legal remedy. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)

ORDER :

1. fuxjkuhdrkZx.k@izfroknhx.k ¼ftUgsa vkxs Þizfroknhx.kß ls lcaksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ dh vksj ls ;g fuxjkuh ;kfpdk vraxZr /kkjk 115 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk fo}ku vij ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] Øe&11] t;iqj egkuxj izFke] eq[;ky; lkaxkusj ¼ftls vkxs Þfopkj.k U;k;ky;ß ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ }kjk xSj&fuxjkuhdrkZx.k@oknhx.k ¼ftUgsa vkxs Þoknhx.kß ls lcaksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ dh vksj ls izLrqr nhokuh okn l[a ;k 561@2014 muokuh jes'k pan o vU; cuke xtkuan o vU; esa izfroknhx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkZuk i= varxZr vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 12-12-2024 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh x;h gS] ftlds ek/;e ls fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk mDr izkFkZuk i= vLohdkj dj [kkfjt fd;k x;k gSA

2. mHk;i{k dks lquk x;k rFkk i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA

3. fuxjkuhdrkZx.k@izfroknhx.k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk cgl ds nkSjku ;g rdZ jgk gS fd izfroknhx.k us fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k fnukad 05-07-2024 dks ,d izkFkZuk i= varxZr vkns'k 7 fu;e 11 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk izLrqr fd;k FkkA mDr izkFkZuk i= dks fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 12-12-2024 dks fof/k fo#) rjhds ls vkns'k ikfjr dj vLohdkj dj [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA i{kdkjku us fo}ku U;k;ky; lgk;d ftyk/kh'k ,oa dk;Zikyd eftLVªsV] dksVZ la[;k&2] t;iqj ¼ftls vkxs ÞjktLo U;k;ky;ß ls lcaksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ ds le{k yafcr okn la[;k 100@78 esa fnukad 21-11-1978 dks jkthukek izLrqr fd;k FkkA ml jkthukes ds vk/kkj ij fo}ku jktLo U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 22-11-1978 dks fu.kZ; o fMØh ikfjr dj oknxzLr d`f"k Hkwfe dk caVokjk i{kdkjku esa djds muds uke [kkrs dk;e fd;s tkus vkSj rn~uqlkj fjdkWMZ vkWQ jkbZV~l esa banzkt dj yxku dk fu/kkZj.k djus grsq fMØh tkjh dh x;hA fo}ku jktLo U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 22-11-1978 dh ikyuk esa oknxzLr Hkwfe dk okn la[;k 100@78 ds i{kdkjku ds [kkrs esa banzkt gks x;k vkSj rn~uq:i i{kdkjku oknxzLr Hkwfe ij dkfct gks x;sA fo}ku jktLo U;k;ky; ds le{k xtkuan] txnh'k o ukjk;.k iq=ku NksVsyky rhuksa HkkbZ;ksa }kjk jkthukek izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk] mlh ds vuqlkj mDr U;k;ky; }kjk fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukafdr 22-11-1978 ikfjr dh x;hA ukjk;.k dh e`R;q fnukad 25-07-2008 dks gks x;hA ukjk;.k us vius thoudky esa mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh dks dksbZ pqukSrh ugha nhA rRi'pkr mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh ikfjr fd;s tkus ds 33 o"kZ i'pkr ukjk;.k ds iq=ksa dh vksj ls fo}ku vij ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] Øe&10] t;iqj egkuxj izFke ds le{k ,d okn fo}ku lgk;d ftyk/kh'k ,oa dk;Zikyd eftLVªsV] dksVZ l[a ;k&2] t;iqj }kjk i{kdkjku esa gq, jkthukes ds vk/kkj ij ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 22-11-1978 dks QthZ o dVw jfpr gksuk crkrs gq, mDr jkthukes ij ukjk;.k ds gLrk{kj QthZ o dVw jfpr gksuk crkdj mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh dks vikLr djrs gq, izfroknhx.k ds uke jktLo fjdkWMZ esa ntZ banzkt o ukekarj.k dks fujLr djus o oknxzLr Hkwfe dk foØ;] gLrkarj.k o jgu bR;kfn ugha djus ds lcaa/k esa LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk tkjh djus gsrq izLrqr dj fn;kA

4. mudk vkxs ;g Hkh rdZ jgk fd fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj ftl U;k;ky; }kjk jkthukes ds vk/kkj ij fu.kZ; o fMØh ikfjr dh tkrh gS vkSj ;fn fdlh i{kdkj dks mDr jkthukes ds lca a/k esa dksbZ vkifÙk gks] rks mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh dks mlh U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA vkns'k 23 fu;e 3¼A½ flfoy izfØ;k lfa grk esa of.kZr izko/kkuksa ds rgr d`f"k Hkwfe ds foHkktu ds vk/kkj ij mldk ukekarj.k [kksys tkus ds laca/k esa jkthukes ds vk/kkj ij jktLo U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh dks flfoy U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh ugha nh tk ldrh gS

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