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2023 Supreme(HP) 584

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH SHIMLA
TARLOK SINGH CHAUHAN, SATYEN VAIDYA, JJ.
 
State of H.P. - Petitioner
Versus
Hom Singh @ Homi - Respondent
Cr.MP(M) No.1899 OF 2023
Decided on : 06-11-2023
 

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. I. N. Mehta and Mr. Y.W. Chauhan, Sr. Addl. A.Gs with Ms. Sharmila Patial, Addl. A.G. and Mr. J. S. Guleria, Dy.A.G.
For the Respondent: Nemo

For an accused to be convicted under drug laws, the prosecution must prove a direct link between them and the crime, relying solely on co-accused statements is insufficient evidence.

Headnote:(A) Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 - Sections 20 and 29 - Acquittal of the respondent for charges of possession and sale of charas - Prosecution's evidence was largely circumstantial, relying on call detail records without sufficient corroborative evidence to substantiate the charges against the respondent. (Paras 4, 10, 16, 18)

(B) Evidentiary Standards - The statements made by co-accused cannot serve as substantive evidence against another co-accused, reinforcing the need for clear and independent corroboration. (Paras 14, 16)

Facts of the case:
The prosecution alleged that the respondent sold charas to co-accused Chetan Parkash, founded primarily on the latter's claims and corroborative circumstances without definitive evidence linking the respondent to the offense. (Paras 2, 5)

Findings of Court:
The High Court rejected the petition for appeal against acquittal, affirming that there was insufficient evidence to support the conviction of the respondent as the prosecution's claims were based on conjectures. (Paras 19)

Issues: The primary issue was whether the statements of co-accused could substantiate the allegations against the respondent. (Paras 16, 18)

Ratio Decidendi: The court affirmed that information provided by an accused in custody does not alleviate the prosecution's burden of proving a direct link to the crime, reinforcing settled principles relating to the admissibility of such evidence under relevant sections of the Evidence Act. (Paras 8, 10, 14)

Result: Leave to appeal is rejected and petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual basis of the case and details of the narcotics recovery. (Para 4 , 5)
2. issues regarding the admissibility of statements made by the co-accused. (Para 6 , 7)
3. extensive discussion on section 27 of the indian evidence act. (Para 8 , 9)

JUDGMENT :

Tarlok Singh Chauhan, J.

Aggrieved by the order of acquittal of the respondent for the offence punishable under Sections 20 and 29 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (in short, “the NDPS Act”), the petitioner-State has filed the instant petition for grant of leave to appeal.

2 The parties do not dispute that the case as set out by the prosecution has correctly been enumerated by the learned Special Judge, therefore, the same is extracted as such from the judgment.

“2. Briefly stated, the case of the prosecution is that H.C. Nek Ram (PW-18), constable Mahinder Singh (PW-1), constable Vivek Sen (PW-2), constable Pushap Raj and HHG Kapil Dev were on patrolling duty in a private vehicle bearing registration no. HP 32-A-3153 bei.ng driven by H.C. Nek Ram. They were sitting in the vehicle at 12:40 pm near the Bajaj showroom. The accused was coming towards Gutkar. When he reached the vehicle in which the police were sitting, he started walking briskly. H.C. Nek Ram opened the door of the vehicle and the accused started running. The po lice apprehended the accused. The accused fell on his knees and said that he should be pardoned as he has done some illegal act. He had a backpack (Ex. MO6) with him. The police became suspicious that the backpack was containing some illegal substance or forest produce. H.C. Nek Ram directed Constable Pushap Raj and HHG Kapil Dev to detain the accused. He asked the inmates of the vehicles passing the spot to become witnesses; however, they declined. H.C. Nek Ram called Krishan Bhanu, a local counsellor, who g told him that he was away to Mandi and would return in the evening. H.C. Nek Ram called Chanderesh Chandel (Pw-17) and requested him to become a witness. He agreed. H.C. Nek Ram directed Constable Vivek Sen to bring another witness. Constable Vivek Sen called Sanjay Kumar and requested him to become a witness. Chanderesh Chandel reached the spot in his vehicle bearing registration no. HP-33- D-6184. Sanjay Kumar reached the spot in the vehicle bearing registration no. HP 87-A-3007. The accused revealed his name as Chetan Parkash on inquiry. The police told the accused that a search of his backpack was to be conducted and he had a right to search the police party; however, the accused declined. H.C. Nek Ram searched the backpack. One light yellow carry bag bearing the words "Thank you" (Ex. MO2) was found inside the backpack. The carry bag had black sticks (Ex. MO3) some of which were wrapped with transparent polythene (Ex. MO4) and some were unwrapped. H.C. Nek Ram checked the sticks and they were found to be charas. He weighed the charas on an electronic weighing scale and its weight was found to be 1.506 Kg. The charas was put in the carry bag from which it was recovered and the carry bag was put in the backpack in the same manner in which it was recovered. H.C. Nek Ram handed over the backpack to Chandresh Chandel and started to prepare the parcel. However, it started raining. H.C. Nek Ram requested Chanderesh Chandel to name some place where the proceedings could be conducted. Chanderesh Chandel took them to Auto Hub opposite the Competent showroom. The police party, the accused and the witnesses reached Auto Hub. The charas was again weighed and its weight was found to be 1.500 kilograms. The charas was put in the carry bag and the g carry bag was put in a cloth parcel (Ex. MO1). The parcel was sealed with ten impressions of seal BLH O. The parcel was marked as "A". The backpack was put in another cloth parcel (Ex. MO5) and the parcel was sealed with thirteen impressions of seal BLH O. The parcel was marked as "B". Sample seal (Ex. P1/PW1) was taken on a separate piece of cloth. H.C. Nek Ram filled the re

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