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2025 Supreme(HP) 1228

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AT SHIMLA
Vivek Singh Thakur, Sushil Kukreja, JJ. 
State of Himachal Pradesh – Appellant
Versus
Parveen Kumar and another – Respondent 
Cr. Appeal No. 277 of 2015
Decided On : 10-09-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Yashwardhan Chauhan, Senior Additional Advocate General.
For the Respondent:Mr. Ashok K. Thakur, Advocate vice Mr. Pawan Gautam, Advocate, Mr. Karan Veer Singh, Advocate

Acquittal in sexual assault case upheld on appeal as prosecutrix's testimony lacked sterling quality due to inconsistencies, voluntary conduct, absent corroboration, and doubtful medical evidence indicating no recent intercourse.

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 378 - Appeal against acquittal - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 363, 366, 366A, 376 - Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 - Sections 4, 17 - Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 - Section 3(1)(XII) - Sexual assault on prosecutrix aged about 17 years 7 months - Trial Court acquitted accused of charges after examining 27 prosecution witnesses - Appellate Court re-appreciated evidence, held double presumption of innocence operates in acquittal; interference only if perverse or unreasonable view taken - Prosecutrix's testimony not of sterling quality due to material inconsistencies, voluntary accompaniment by her, no immediate complaint, doubtful medical evidence showing no recent intercourse or injuries - No evidence linking second accused - Acquittal judgment proper, appeal sans merit. (Paras 4, 6, 10, 11, 19-25)

(B) Sexual assault cases - Testimony of prosecutrix - Conviction possible on sole testimony if inspires confidence, sterling quality, consistent with probabilities - No legal requirement for corroboration unless reasons to doubt - But if improbable, belies logic, contains contradictions affecting core, not reliable despite predominant consideration - Court to examine broader probabilities, medical evidence, circumstances like conduct indicating consent. (Paras 13-18, 20)

Facts of the case:
Prosecutrix alleged she voluntarily contacted accused No.1, met him, accompanied to various places including his house and hotel despite opportunities to return home; claimed forcible rape at night by accused No.1 after second accused left; refused marriage later due to caste; FIR lodged after delay; medical exam showed old hymen rupture, no signs of recent assault.

Findings of Court:
Prosecution case not proved beyond reasonable doubt; trial court's acquittal based on proper appreciation; no interference.

Issues: Whether prosecutrix's testimony reliable for conviction without corroboration; scope of appellate review in acquittal for sexual offences; proof against second accused.

Ratio Decidendi: Testimony must withstand cross-examination, remain consistent on factum, persons, sequence; here, voluntary conduct, post-incident actions, lack of injuries, delayed report created doubt; medical evidence inconsistent with recent assault; reasonable view by trial court not to be disturbed.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. prosecution case: minor abducted, raped by accused. (Para 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. state urges reversal; defense defends acquittal. (Para 7 , 8)
3. double presumption favors accused in acquittal appeals. (Para 9 , 10)
4. prosecutrix aged 17 years 7 months. (Para 11)
5. rape destroys societal equilibrium. (Para 12)
6. sterling prosecutrix testimony alone suffices for conviction. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20)
7. inconsistent testimony, weak medical evidence create doubt. (Para 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
8. no evidence implicates second accused. (Para 25)
9. appeal dismissed; acquittal order upheld. (Para 26 , 27)

JUDGMENT :

Sushil Kukreja, J.

The instant appeal has been preferred by the appellant/State under Section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure against the impugned judgment of acquittal dated 06.02.2015, passed by the learned Special Court, Una, District Una, HP, in SCST Case No.2/2013, whereby the accused persons (respondents herein) were acquitted of all the charges framed against them.

2. Brief facts giving rise to the present appeal, as per the prosecution story, are that the prosecutrix (name withheld) alongwith her father and Pradhan of Gram Panchayat, visited police station on 07.06.2013 and got her statement recorded under Section 154 of Cr.PC, stating therein that on 04.06.2013, she alongwith her grand-parents had gone to the house of her aunt (Bua) and from there, she made a telephonic call to Parveen Kumar (respondent No.1/accused herein), who was known to her through her sister, on 05.06.2013 to meet her at Shiv Mandir. Thereafter, she met him near Shiv Mandir at about 2.30 p.m., and she told him not to make phone calls to her as her parents had come to know about the same. In the meanwhile, one person came there, who inquired about their relation and thereafter 2-3 boys also came there and started giving beatings to accused Parveen and then she went to the house of some unknown lady. From the house of said lady, she made a phone call to accused Parveen, who told her that he was at Daulatpur and thereafter she also went to Daulatpur, where accused Parveen met her at the bus stand. He told her to go to her own house, but she refused and went with him to his house and there was no one in the house. Accused Parveen asked her to spend a night with him, but she refused and thereafter he forcibly took her to Gagret, where a boy named Bindu (respondent No.2/ accused Arvind Kumar herein) met them and then they all went to Mubarikpur on a bike being driven by accused Bindu. She wanted to go to her house from Mubarikpur, but accused Parveen took her to a hotel at Amb on the bike alongwith Bindu and booked a room there. After taking meals, accused Bindu went from there on his bike and during intervening night of 5/6.06.2013, at about 12/12.30, accused Parveen stripped-off her salwar forcibly and committed rape upon her. He threatened to kill her parents in case she disclosed about the incident to anyone and he also told her that if she had sexual intercourse with him, he would marry her, but after that he refused to marry her as she belonged to scheduled caste. Thereafter, she went to the house of accused Parveen and in the meantime Pradhan of his village also came there. Her father and Pradhan also met her at Gagret, to whom she narrated the entire incident. On the basis of the statement of prosecutrix, FIR in question was registered against the accused persons.

3. The police, during the course of investigation, got the prosecutrix medically examined, prepared the spot map, recorded statements of the witnesses and took into possession the bed-sheet from hotel 'City Heart' and also obtained the copy of relevant entry in the register of the hotel. Police also got recorded the statement of prosecutrix under Section 164, Cr.PC and obtained call details and other relevant documents. Accused Parveen Kumar was arrested, who was got medically examined and after completion of the investigation, police presented the

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