JAMMU AND KASHMIR HIGH COURT
Rajnesh Oswal, J.
Garo & Ors. – Appellants
Versus
Member, J&K Special Tribunal Jammu & Ors. – Respondents
Others Writ Petition No. 1818 of 2014 (O&M)
Decided On : 05-12-2022
Agrarian Reforms Act - Mutation - Sections 4, 12 - The court discussed the attestation of mutations under sections 4 and 12 of the Agrarian Reforms Act, and the rights of inheritance under the Act and the Tenancy Act. It highlighted the definitions of 'family', 'personal cultivation', 'tiller', and the devolution of rights upon male lineal descendants under section 67 of the Tenancy Act. The court found no illegality in the order impugned and dismissed the petition.
Fact of the Case:
The case involved a dispute over mutations attested under sections 4 and 12 of the Agrarian Reforms Act, concerning the ownership of land and the rights of inheritance.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the attestation of Mutation No. 355 in favor of a deceased individual was based on factual inaccuracy, and the issue of limitation was not considered by the tribunal. It also upheld the rights of inheritance of the other sons and grandson of the deceased under the relevant provisions of the Agrarian Reforms Act and the Tenancy Act.
Issues: The issues included the attestation of mutations, the issue of limitation, and the rights of inheritance under the Agrarian Reforms Act and the Tenancy Act.
Ratio Decidendi: The court's decision was based on the factual inaccuracy of the attestation, the failure to consider the issue of limitation, and the application of relevant provisions governing the rights of inheritance.
Final Decision: The petition was found to be without merit and dismissed, with interim directions vacated.
JUDGMENT
Rajnesh Oswal, J. - Brief facts of the present petition are that Jalla Ram was having four sons, namely, Milkhi Ram, Prithi, Bhagoo and Bittan. In the year, 1981 Mutation No. 355 under section 4 of the Agrarian Reforms Act 1976 (for short the Act) was attested in favour of Jalla Ram, declaring him as prospective owner of land measuring 7 kanals 9 marlas comprising khasra Nos. 330, 357 and 368 situated in Village, Tarlokpur, Tehsil and District Jammu. Thereafter, in the year, 1988, a mutation bearing No. 442 was attested by the Tehsildar Jammu under section 12 of the Act in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of the petitioners i.e. Bittan with regard to land mentioned above, excluding two other sons and one Devi Ditta s/o Bhagoo, as Bhagoo s/o of Jalla Ram had already expired. Thereafter, the predecessor-in-interest of respondent Nos. 3 to 5 i.e. Milkhi Ram, Prithi, Devi Ditta son of Bhagoo Ram i.e. respondent Nos. 6&7 respectively filed an appeal against the order passed by Tehsildar Jammu dated 12.02.1988 thereby attesting the mutation of the abovementioned land in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of the petitioners under section 12 of the Act. The said appeal was accompanied by an application for seeking condonation of delay. The appellate authority i.e. Joint Agrarian Reforms Commissioner (with the powers of Commissioner Agrarian Reforms, Jammu) vide order dated 03.04.2002 dismissed the said appeal. The said order was impugned by the respondent Nos. 3 to 7 before the Jammu and Kashmir Special Tribunal, Jammu i.e. respondent No. 1. The learned Tribunal accepted the said revision and vide order dated 24.06.2014, set aside the order dated 03.04.2002. Both mutations attested under sections 4 and 12 of the Act (supra) bearing Nos. 355 and 442 respectively were set aside and matter was remanded back to the Tehsildar concerned for appropriate action.
2. The petitioners being aggrieved of the order dated 24.06.2014 have filed the instant petition inter alia on the grounds that the learned Tribunal has not considered the issue of limitation at all and further that the learned Tribunal has not considered the fact that Bittan S/o Jalla Ram i.e. the predecessor-in-interest of the petitioners constituted the joint family with late Jalla Ram and respondent Nos. 3 to 7 constituted an entirely separate family.
3. Response stands filed by the respondent Nos. 3 to 7, wherein the answering respondents have supported the order passed by the learned Tribunal, respondent No. 1 and have categorically pleaded that Bittan, Milkhi Ram, Prithi and Devi Ditta being his sons and grandson as the case may be, were successors-in-interest of Jalla Ram and they were/are entitled to hold the land in equal shares under the provisions of Agrarian Reforms Act and section 67 of the Tenancy Act. It is also stated that the learned Tribunal was correct in setting aside the Mutation No. 355 as the same was based upon factual inaccuracy.
4. Mr. Rohit Verma, learned counsel for the petitioner vehemently argued that the learned Tribunal has not considered the issue of limitation and further that other sons of Jalla Ram i.e. Milkhi Ram, Prithi and grandson Devi Ditta S/o. Bhagoo constituted a separate family whereas the predecessor-in-interest i.e. Bittan constituted a joint family with Jalla Ram.
5. Mr. Surinder Singh, learned counsel for the respondents 3 to 7 vehemently argued that the petitioners have no cause to raise any grievance as the matter has been simply remanded for fresh enquiry.
6. Heard and perused the record.
7. The perusal of the order impugned reveals that the learned Tribunal has returned a finding that Mutation No. 355 was attested in favour of Jalla Ram in the year, 1981 whereas Jalla Ram had already expired on 04.12.1976. The petitioners have not disputed the said finding returned by the Tribunal that at the time of attestation of Mutation under section 4 in favour of Jalla Ram, the said Jalla Ram was dead.
8. The contention raised by the
AI
The central legal point established in the judgment is the application of the Agrarian Reforms Act and the Tenancy Act in determining the validity of mutations and the rights of inheritance.
The finality of mutations under the Agrarian Reforms Act, the requirement to challenge the attestation of mutations, and the invalidity of creating tenancy after May 1973 as per section 13 of the Act....
Limited scope of judicial review in correcting errors of jurisdiction and manifest errors apparent on the face of the proceedings.
The main legal point established in the judgment is that belated appeals without sufficient cause can be rejected, and the jurisdiction of the Tribunal in exercising revisional power is limited.
Writ court cannot question validity of unchallenged final prior mutations on tenancy surrender while reviewing tribunal order upholding them against later agrarian reform conferment.
A petitioner cannot pursue a new writ petition regarding land already contested in previous legal actions, emphasizing the need for resolution of prior matters.
The court emphasized the importance of accurate factual representation in legal adjudication, stating that reliance on incorrect facts can lead to flawed judgments.
A co-sharer in possession cannot claim tenancy against other co-sharers, as personal cultivation by one is deemed for all, making Agrarian Reforms Act provisions inapplicable.
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