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2023 Supreme(J&K) 491

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR AND LADAKH AT SRINAGAR
SANJAY DHAR, J.
Mohi-Ud-Din Dar & Anr. - Appellants
Versus
State Of J.&K. - Respondents
CRA No.11 Of 2006
Decided On : 11-07-2023

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Mr. N.A. Tabasum.
For the Respondents: Mr. Sajad Ashraf.

Headnote:(A) Ranbir Penal Code - Sections 366 and 376(2)(g) - Conviction of appellants for offences against the prosecutrix - Appellants convicted and sentenced to 10 years and 2 years imprisonment, respectively, along with fines - The trial court relied on the prosecutrix's testimony, corroborated by witnesses, despite appellants' claims of false implication and material witnesses absent. (Paras 1, 5, 49, 54)

(B) Legal Principles - Conviction based on the sole testimony of a prosecutrix is permissible if found credible - No need for corroboration unless compelling reasons exist; minor contradictions do not undermine credibility. (Paras 11, 22, 39)

Facts of the case:
The prosecutrix was abducted under false pretenses and subjected to repeated rape in 1989. FIR was filed on 28 February 1989, leading to the conviction of the appellants after trial despite certain witnesses not being examined. (Paras 2, 30, 49)

Findings of Court:
The testimony of the prosecutrix was deemed reliable and corroborated, and the appellants' arguments regarding non-examined witnesses were found lacking. (Paras 25, 49)

Issues: The court addressed whether the conviction could stand on the basis of prosecutrix's testimony alone, the reliability of that testimony, and the implications of withheld evidence. (Paras 4, 49)

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the prosecutrix's consistent and credible testimony, even standing alone, was sufficient for conviction; minor inconsistencies did not detract from its weight. (Paras 25, 49)

Result: Conviction upheld; however, sentence reduced to 5 years for one count and maintained for another. (Paras 54)

Table of Content
1. conviction based on facts surrounding the case. (Para 1 , 2)
2. trial process and the testimonies presented. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. arguments surrounding the reliability of witnesses. (Para 6 , 10 , 12 , 39 , 41)
4. legal standards for conviction in rape cases. (Para 11 , 13 , 25)
5. evaluation of prosecutrix's testimony. (Para 17 , 19 , 20 , 26)
6. final judgment on the conviction and sentencing. (Para 48 , 49 , 54)

JUDGMENT :

1. The appellants have called into question judgment dated 22.11.2006, passed by learned Sessions Judge, Kupwara, whereby they have been convicted for offences under Section 366 and Section 376(2)(g) of RPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment of ten years and a fine of Rs.3,000/ for having committed offence under Section 376(2)(g) of RPC and for rigorous imprisonment of two years for having committed offence under Section 366 RPC. In default of payment of fine, the appellants have been directed to undergo further imprisonment of six moths.

2. Briefly stated, the case of the prosecution is that on 27.02.1989, the prosecutrix accompanied her blind mother for treatment to Handwara hospital and on their return, they went to purchase certain articles from a shop where the appellants were also sitting. The prosecutrix asked the appellants the address of the house of one Ghulam Rasool, Forester, as in the event of the prosecutrix and her mother not getting bus to their destination, they intended to stay in the house of said Ghulam Rasool. One of the appellants introduced himself as brother of said Ghulam Rasool, Forester, whereafter the appellants offered the prosecutrix to take her to the house of Ghulam Rasool, Forester. On this pretext, the appellants led the prosecutrix towards Gogipora in an orchard and took her to a shed over there, where she was repeatedly subjected to forcible sexual intercourse by both the appellants. According to the prosecution case, after committing rape upon the prosecutrix, the appellants fled away and while the prosecutrix was returning to meet her mother who had stayed back in the shop, she met PWs 3 and 4 on her way. She is stated to have narrated the incident to these prosecution witnesses whereafter they took her to the shop at Handwara where her mother was waiting for her. The prosecutrix also narrated the incident to her mother. The report relating to the occurrence was lodged by the prosecutrix on 28th February, 1989 at about 11.00 a.m. and FIR No.26 of 1989 for offences under Section 366 /376 RPC was registered with Police Station, Handwara. After investigation of the case, offences under Section 366 /376 RPC were found established against the appellants and the charge sheet was laid before the competent court.

3. On 07.06.1990, charges for offences under Section 366 and 376 RPC were framed against the appellants and their pleas were recorded. The appellants denied the charges and claimed to be tried. Accordingly, the prosecution was directed to adduce evidence in support of its case. In order to prove its case, the prosecution examined PW-1, the prosecutrix and PWs-3 and 4 Gulla Mir and Ab. Razak Wani. PW-2, the mother of the prosecutrix could not be examined as during the trial of the case, she passed away. The prosecution witness Shopkeeper Lal Mohammad, on whose shop the prosecutrix and her mother are stated to have purchased certain articles, has not been examined by the prosecution as a witness though his statement under Section 161 of the Cr. P. C has been recorded during the investigation of the case. Similarly, PW-5, Dr. Tejinder Kour, who examined the prosecutrix after the alleged incident and has rendered her medical report stating therein that the prosecutrix has been subjected to sexual assault, has also not been examined as a witness. The Investigating Officer of the case, PW-7, Dilbagh Singh, has also not stepped into the witness box and similarly, PW-6, Dr. Kanwaljeet Singh, who had examined the appellants after the incident, has also

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