IN THE HIGH COURT OF JAMMU & KASHMIR AND LADAKH AT JAMMU
RAJNESH OSWAL, J.
Kewal Singh and ors. – Appellant
Versus
U.T. of J&K and ors. – Respondent
WP(C) No. 1145 of 2024 CM No. 2914 of 2024
Decided on : 07-03-2025
(A) Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 - The petitioners claimed compensation for land utilized for road construction without acquisition or payment - Respondents argued that petitioners voluntarily provided land free of cost - Court held that the Circular cannot override constitutional rights to property. (Paras 11, 12, 13)
(B) Constitutional Law - Article 300-A - Right to property is a constitutional right and cannot be denied without due process of law. (Paras 12, 13)
(C) Estoppel - Respondents claimed petitioners are estopped from claiming compensation due to a resolution signed - Court found no evidence of waiver of compensation rights in the resolution. (Paras 14, 15)
Facts of the case:
The petitioners alleged that their land was used for road construction without compensation, while respondents claimed the land was provided voluntarily under a public demand resolution.
Findings of Court:
The court ruled that the petitioners are entitled to compensation for their land utilized for road construction, directing the respondents to initiate acquisition proceedings under the Act of 2013.
Issues: The main issues were whether the petitioners voluntarily donated their land and the applicability of the Circular regarding compensation.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that constitutional rights cannot be overridden by administrative circulars and that the petitioners have a right to compensation for their land.
Result: Petitioners entitled to compensation.
ORDER :
1. With consent of the learned counsel for the parties, the writ petition is taken up for final disposal.
2. In the present petition, the respondent Nos. 1, 5, 6 and 7 without acquiring and paying any compensation of the land to the petitioners, have utilized their land for construction of road from Galli to Dhurial via Panchal, in Panchayat Kanthi, Tehsil and District Ramban, detail whereof is given below:
| S.No. | Name of petitioners | Land Measuring K/M | Khasra No. | Fruit bearing trees | Non-fruits bearing trees | Structure Damaged |
| 1. | Kewal Singh | 1 K | 606 | 10 | 15 | |
| 2. | Anchal Kumar | 3 K | 862 | 50 | Cowshed | |
| 3. | Veer Vikram | 2 K | 68 | 25 | 50 | |
| 4. | Dina Nath | 1 K | 263 | 10 | 10 | |
| 5. | Surjeet Singh | 1 K | 95 | 15 | ||
| 6. | Chail Singh | 2 K | 105, 199, 223 | 15 | 8 | |
| 7. | Ganesham Singh | 1 K | 109 | 10 | ||
| 8. | Chain Singh | 2 K | 206 | 15 | 5 | Cowshed two structure |
| 9. | Ashok Singh | 2 K | 209 | 30 | House damage | |
| 10. | Pawan Singh | 2 K | 225 | 20 | ||
| 11. | Nasib Singh | 2 K | 266, 269, 251 | 30 | 70 | Temple |
| 12. | Chain Singh | 1 K | 267 | 100 | 15 | Water Pond |
| 13 | Pawan Singh | 10 M | 254 | 12 | 25 | |
| 14. | Nain Singh | 1 K | 253 | 10 | 5 | |
| 15. | Buri Singh | 1 K | 274 | 10 | 5 | |
| 16. | Lachman Singh | 1 K | 302 | 5 | 15 | |
| 17. | Tribath Singh | 1 K | 301 | 5 | 10 | |
| 18. | Prithvi Singh | 10 M | 233 | 6 | 8 | |
| 19. | Pritam Singh | 1 K | 525 | 10 | ||
| 20. | Sandoor Singh | 1K | 596 | 50 | 100 | House Damaged |
| 21. | Chuni Lal | 5 K | 596 | 20 | 20 | One double story damaged |
| 22. | Amar Singh | 1 K | 1213 | 30 | 10 | House damaged |
| 23. | Om Singh | 561 | ||||
| 24. | Surjeet Singh | 1K | 588/1 | 15 | ||
| 25. | Hans Raj | 1 K | 586 | 5 | 10 | |
| 26. | Manjeet Singh | 3 K | 1157, 1160 | ? | 20 | |
| 27. | Bhuri Singh | 1 K | 274 | 10 | 5 | |
| 28. | Gulam Mohd | 5 K | 488 | 9 | 2 | |
| 29. | Anchal Singh | 1 K | 303 | 10 | 15 | |
| 30. | Brij Lal | 1 K | 303 | 10 | 20 | |
| 31. | Tirath Singh | 1 K | 137 | 5 | 15 | House damaged |
| 32. | Prem Singh | 2 K | 864 | |||
| 33. | Rajesh Singh | 10 M | 222 | 10 | 8 |
3. It is urged by the petitioners that the respondents No. 1, 5, 6 and 7 be directed to place the indent for acquisition of land for construction of road from Galli to Dhuril via Pachal in Panchayat Kanthi, Tehsil and District Ramban in terms of Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act/Rules (for short “the Act of 2013”). Further prayer has been made for directing the respondent Nos. 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 to complete the process of acquisition of land and disbursement of compensation in terms of the Act of 2013.
4. The respondent Nos. 1, 5, 6 and 7 have filed the response stating therein that the DPR for the construction of link road from Galli to Dhuril via Pachal in Panchayat Kanthi, Tehsil and District Ramban (under NABARD RIDF XXVIII) was prepared on the persistent demand of public of area with agreed conditions that the land owners will provide land free from all encumbrances, which is pre-requisite condition for the sanction of road under NABARD as per the Circular No. 01 PW(R&B) of 2021 dated 12.04.2021 issued by the Director Finance, Public Works (R&B) Department. The road was sanctioned under NABARD RIDF- XXVIIII on 14.03.2023 for a length of 05.00 kilometres and accordingly the work was commenced on 14.11.2023.It is further stated that the petitioners agreed to provide the land free from all encumbrances and submitted a resolution to the office of Executive Engineer, PWD(R&B) Division Ramban duly signed by the locals of the area and DDC, Ramban including the petitioners. Further, the road stands completed up to RD km 4/600 against the length of 05.00 km. Further, no objection was received from any of the residents of the villages that they had any objection in providing the land free of cost and after the completion of the work, the petitioners have filed the present petition and as such, they are not entitled to any compensation. It is further averred that as per the Circular dated 12.04.2021, compensation in lieu of land can be considered in case 80% or above land of an individual is involved or house of family comes in the alignment of the road on case-to-case basis.
5. The respondent No. 2, 3, 4 and 8 have also filed the response stating there in that DPR of the road was framed on the persistent demand of the public of the area with agreed condition that the land owners will provide land free from all encumbrances which is pre-requisite condition for the sanction of “Gali to Dhuril via Pachal road” in Panchayat Kanthi, Tehsil and District Jammu under NABARD as per the Circular No. 01 P
The right to property is a constitutional right that cannot be denied without due process, and administrative circulars cannot override this right.
The court affirmed that the right to property is a human right, requiring lawful acquisition and compensation when expropriated, underlining legal obligations of the State in welfare contexts.
Landowners have a constitutional right to timely compensation for acquired property, and failure to disburse compensation violates due process.
(1) Article 300A though not a fundamental right but nevertheless it has status of being a constitutional or a statutory right.(2) Acquisition of land – Non-payment of compensation would be arbitrary ....
Landowners have a constitutional right to compensation for land utilized for public projects, and claims cannot be dismissed based on implied consent or delay in seeking redress.
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