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2023 Supreme(J&K) 726

HIGH COURT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND LADAKH
RAHUL BHARTI, J.
National Insurance Co. Ltd. - Appellant
Versus
K.C. Vanaspati (M/s) & Ors. - Respondent
MA No. 12 of 2012
Decided on : 10-08-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Baldev Singh
For the Respondent: S.K. Anand

Headnote:(A) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 - Section 173 - Appeal against award in motor vehicular accident - The accident occurred due to negligent driving by the driver leading to the death of an eight-year-old boy. The Tribunal awarded compensation to the victim's family, and the insurer sought to challenge liability due to the driver's invalid license. (Paras 1-18)

(B) Negligence - The driver was found to have driven without a valid license, leading to the application of the principle of 'pay and recover' against the vehicle owner. (Paras 13-16)

Facts of the case:
A motor vehicular accident on 30.06.1998 resulted in the death of Sunil Kumar, leading his family to claim compensation. The Tribunal awarded Rs. 1,50,000/- on 03.10.2003, placing liability on the insurer.

Findings of Court:
The Tribunal's initial decision was upheld as being affected by perverse findings in subsequent awards, reinstating the original liability of the insurer based on the driver's invalid license.

Issues: The main issue was whether the insurer could recover compensation from the vehicle owner due to the driver lacking a valid license.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the Tribunal correctly identified the lack of a valid license as a significant breach, allowing the insurer to invoke 'pay and recover' against the vehicle's owner and driver.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. claim for compensation due to a vehicular accident. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. appeal process initiated by parties. (Para 4 , 5)
3. remand of case for re-evaluation of driving license issue. (Para 6 , 7)
4. insurance liability contested based on driver's license validity. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
5. tribunal's findings on driver’s license validity reviewed. (Para 11 , 12 , 13)
6. ex parte proceedings against owner and driver. (Para 14 , 15)
7. review of previous findings deemed erroneous. (Para 16 , 17)
8. perversity in legal findings addressed. (Para 18 , 19)
9. appeal dismissed due to lack of merit. (Para 20 , 21)

JUDGEMENT

1. With respect to a motor vehicular accident which had taken place on 30.06.1998 resulting in death of one Sunil Kumar, an eight years aged boy, his parents along with his brothers had come forward with a claim petition seeking compensation for the death of said Sunil Kumar the victim of accident caused by the offending vehicle (Truck) bearing registration no. JKR-6152. The offending vehicle was owned by M/s K.C. Vanaspati-respondent no. 1 herein and was driven by Prem Singh-respondent no. 2-herein. The offending vehicle was insured with the appellant herein.

2. The claim petition so filed by the claimants/proforma respondents herein came to be allowed by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, Jammu (in short, 'Tribunal') in terms of an award dated 03.10.2003.

3. Vide said award dated 03.10.2003, whereby compensation of an amount of Rs. 1,50,000/- along with interest @ 9% per annum came to be awarded in favour of the proforma respondents, the liability for payment of compensation was fastened upon the appellant, on account of it being the insurer of the offending vehicle, by holding that the accident was caused by rash and negligent driving of the respondent no. 2-Prem Singh while driving the offending vehicle (Truck) bearing registration no. JKR-6152 owned by the respondent no. 1-M/s K.C. Vanaspati.

4. Against the said award dated 03.10.2003, the appellant herein came to prefer an appeal under section 173 of the MOTOR VEHICLES ACT , 1988 (in short, 'Act of 1988') which came to be on file no. 45/2004.

5. The claimants/proforma respondents herein had also felt aggrieved of duration of interest period with respect to amount of compensation awarded and came forward with an appeal-CIMA No. 13/2004.

6. Both the said appeals came to be disposed of by this Court in terms of a common judgment dated 26.04.2006 whereby the appeal-CIMA No. 13/2004 preferred by the claimants/proforma respondents came to be dismissed but the appeal-CIMA No. 45/2004 filed by the appellant herein resulted in remand with respect to re-hearing on issue no. 3 which was as to 'whether the driver of the offending vehicle did not possess a valid driving licence and, therefore, insurer is not liable to indemnify the insured.'

7. It is, thus, obvious that the appellant herein had felt aggrieved of the award dated 03.10.2003 of the Tribunal insofar as it had held the appellant, as being the insurer of the offending vehicle, to satisfy the payment of compensation as awarded under the award and had absolved the owner as well as the driver of the offending vehicle from bearing the said burden on account of the insurance cover and non-violation of any terms and conditions of the policy.

8. The appellant had reckoned that the respondent no. 2-Prem Singh, the driver of the offending vehicle, was not having a valid and effective driving licence and as such, the same was reckoned to be a major breach of terms and conditions of the insurance policy which ought to have relieved the insurer i.e., the appellant from bearing the burden of paying the compensation without having right to recover the same from the owner of the offending vehicle.

9. The appellant, in its appeal-CIMA No. 45/2004, had agitated the issue that despite having deposited the diet expenses for summoning of an official witness from the office of Registering and Licensing Authority, Una (H.P.) along wi

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